莱芜地区泉水系统特征及形成机理研究

Characteristics and formation mechanisms of spring systems in Laiwu Region

摘要

【目的】莱芜地区泉水出露众多，但未开展过系统研究。为查清该地区泉水特征、泉水系统和形成机理，助力泉水保护工作，依据莱芜泉水普查工作对其进行了系统研究。【方法】采用资料利用分析、水文地质调查、地质钻探、水质分析等工作手段，分析了泉水发育水文地质条件，总结了泉水分布特征、水化学特征及质量特征，进行了泉水系统划分，探讨了泉水形成机理及控制因素。【结果】结果显示：泉水主要分布在莱芜盆地边缘及河流沟谷地区；按含水岩组类型可分为岩溶泉水和裂隙泉水，以下降泉为主，少数上升泉；泉水水化学类型以HCO₃-Ca型、HCO₃-Ca·Mg型和HCO₃·SO₄-Ca型为主，主要离子主要来源于水岩相互作用；82%泉水达到地下水III类及以上标准，部分为锶型、偏硅酸型天然矿泉水；泉水形成受地形地貌、地层岩性、断裂构造等地质因素控制，主要以浅层循环为主，水循环速度快。【结论】莱芜地区泉水出露分布受地形变化影响明显；整体泉水水质较好，循环速度快，水量与大气降水密切相关，易受人类活动影响。通过本次对莱芜泉水系统分析，可为当地泉水保护与城市建设和谐共生提供技术支持。

Abstract

[Objective] Numerous springs emerge in the Laiwu region, yet no systematic research has been conducted. To clarify the spring characteristics, spring systems, and their formation mechanisms in this region, and to support spring protection efforts, a systematic investigation was conducted based on the spring survey in Laiwu. [Methods] Method including data utilization analysis, hydrogeological surveys, geological drilling, and water quality analysis were employed to analyze the hydrogeological conditions for spring development. The distribution, hydrochemical, and quality characteristics of the springs were summarized. The spring systems were classified, and the formation mechanisms and controlling factors were examined. [Results] The result showed that the springs were mainly distributed at the margins of Laiwu Basin and in river valleys. Based on aquifer lithology, they could be classified into karst springs and fissure springs, with descending springs being dominant and a few ascending ones. The main hydrochemical types included HCO₃-Ca, HCO₃-Ca·Mg, and HCO₃·SO₃-Ca, with major ions primarily derived from water-rock interactions. 82% of the springs met or exceeded the Class III groundwater quality standards, with some being strontium-type or metasilicic acid-type natural mineral water. Spring formation was controlled by geological factors such as topography, stratum lithology, and fault structures, mainly featuring shallow circulation with rapid water cycling. [Conclusion] The spatial distribution of springs in the Laiwu Region is significantly affected by topographic variations. The springs show overall good water quality with rapid circulation. The spring discharge shows strong correlation with precipitation, making it susceptible to human activities. The systematic analysis of the spring systems in Laiwu provides technical support for the coordinated development of spring protection and urban planning in the region.

关键词

泉水系统 / 形成机理 / 水文地质 / 山东莱芜 / 影响因素

Key words

spring system / formation mechanism / hydrogeology / Laiwu,Shandong Province / influencing factors

基金资助

国家自然科学基金项目(42202294)

山东省地质勘查项目(鲁勘字(2024)74号)