孤岛直流微电网电压调节与功率分配协调控制

罗沁; 王嘉梅; 黄璇; 代广贵

doi:10.13928/j.cnki.wrahe.2025.07.016

水利水电技术（中英文） ›› 2025, Vol. 56 ›› Issue (7) : 216 -227. DOI: 10.13928/j.cnki.wrahe.2025.07.016

机电技术

孤岛直流微电网电压调节与功率分配协调控制

罗沁 ¹^,² ,
王嘉梅 ¹^,² ,
黄璇 ¹^,² ,
代广贵 ¹^,²

作者信息 +

Coordinated control of voltage regulation and power distribution in islanded DC microgrid

Qin LUO ¹^,² ,
Jiamei WANG ¹^,² ,
Xuan HUANG ¹^,² ,
Guanggui DAI ¹^,²

Author information +

文章历史 +

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摘要

【目的】针对直流微电网中的多分布式电源(distributed generator, DG)采用传统下垂控制时，难以实现多DG的负荷精确分配、母线电压稳定，以及考虑DG的容量安全运行等控制目标，提出了一种孤岛直流微电网电压调节与功率分配分布式控制策略。【方法】首先，通过理论推导，分析母线电压跌落偏差和电流校正偏差，设计统一控制器，其能补偿传统下垂控制引起的母线电压跌落的同时实现负荷功率的精确分配。引入电流限幅环节以确保各DG输出电流不超限。并结合所提出的控制策略对微电网系统进行稳定性分析，最后，使用MATLAB/Simulink软件搭建仿真模型加以验证。【结果】结果显示：所提单控制器策略可以保证母线电压持续稳定在额定值，实现负荷功率的高精度分配，且系统不受负荷功率波动的影响，可通过电流限幅环节设置最大限幅电流从而保证DG输出电流不超限，稳定性分析环节证明该系统稳定且不受下垂系数以及截止频率变化的影响。【结论】结果表明：所提母线电压补偿、负荷功率分配统一控制器策略能有效实现多个控制目标，能够减轻系统通信压力，减小操作复杂度，实现微电网高效稳定运行。

Abstract

[Objective] When traditional droop control is adopted for multiple distributed generators(DG) in the DC microgrid, there are challenges of achieving the control objective of accurate load distribution of multi-DG, stabilizing bus voltage, and ensuring safe operation considering DG capacity. A distributed control strategy for voltage regulation and power distribution in an islanded DC microgrid is thus proposed. [Methods] First, through theoretical derivation, bus voltage drop deviation and current correction deviation were analyzed, and a unified controller was designed, which compensated for the bus voltage drop caused by the traditional droop control while achieving accurate distribution of load power. A current limiting element was introduced to ensure that the output current of each DG did not exceed the limit. The stability analysis of the microgrid system was also carried out in conjunction with the proposed control strategy. Finally, a simulation model was built using MATLAB/Simulink software for verification. [Results] The result show that the proposed single-controller strategy can ensure that the bus voltage is continuously stabilized at the rated value, achieve a high-precision distribution of load power, and remain unaffected by load power fluctuation. The current limiting element can set the maximum limiting current to ensure that the output current of the DG does not exceed the limit. Stability analysis shows that the system is stable and unaffected by the change of the droop coefficient and the cut-off frequency. [Conclusion] The result indicate that the proposed unified controller strategy for bus voltage compensation and load power distribution can effectively achieve multiple control objective, reduce the system communication pressure, decrease the operation complexity, and realize efficient and stable operation of the microgrid.