三峡水库促进四大家鱼繁殖生态调度与综合利用需求协调性策略研究

张启凡; 荆平飞; 李肖男; 戴凌全; 姜伟; 王安琪

doi:10.13928/j.cnki.wrahe.2025.09.002

水利水电技术（中英文） ›› 2025, Vol. 56 ›› Issue (9) : 15 -29. DOI: 10.13928/j.cnki.wrahe.2025.09.002

水环境治理与水生态修复专栏

三峡水库促进四大家鱼繁殖生态调度与综合利用需求协调性策略研究

张启凡 ¹^,²^,³ ,
荆平飞 ⁴ ,
李肖男 ⁴ ,
戴凌全 ¹^,² ,
姜伟 ¹^,² ,
王安琪 ⁴

作者信息 +

Study on the coordinating strategy of the Three Gorges Reservoir for ecological operation to promote spawning of the four major Chinese carps and comprehensive utilization demand

Qifan ZHANG ¹^,²^,³ ,
Pingfei JING ⁴ ,
Xiaonan LI ⁴ ,
Lingquan DAI ¹^,² ,
Wei JIANG ¹^,² ,
Anqi WANG ⁴

Author information +

文章历史 +

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摘要

【目的】三峡水库促进四大家鱼自然繁殖生态调度与其他综合利用需求的协调性策略尚未明确。为厘清生态调度约束，提出生态调度与其他综合利用需求的协调性策略，【方法】在历年生态调度试验总结基础上，结合调度规程和调度实践对三峡水库调度需求及约束进行归纳，计算分析了集中消落期和汛期开展生态调度对其他综合利用需求的影响。【结果】结果显示：集中消落期开展生态调度，有47.3%的年份葛洲坝发生弃水、21.8%的年份三峡水库水位日降幅超过1 m限制，但抬高6月10日消落水位或降低5月25日库水位可显著降低葛洲坝弃水和库水位日降幅超限制年份占比。汛期6月中下旬在P=90%典型年下生态调度开展的需水量存在缺口。【结论】结果表明：三峡水库集中消落期开展生态调度不存在水量约束，对防洪、供水和航运基本无影响，但存在葛洲坝弃水及库水位日降幅超1 m风险；汛期6月中下旬开展生态调度受水量制约，防洪风险可控。据此提出了三峡水库兼顾生态调度的控制水位优化建议：预报来水较丰年份，可提前消落，降低5月25日库水位；预报来水较枯年份，可进一步抬升6月10日运行水位至150.0 m。

Abstract

[Objective] The coordination strategy between ecological operations of the Three Gorges Reservoir(TGR) to promote the natural spawning of the Four Major Chinese Carps and other comprehensive utilization demands has yet to be clearly defined. To clarify the constraints of ecological operations and propose coordination strategies between ecological operations and other comprehensive utilization demands, [Methods] past ecological operation experiments, operation regulations and operation practice of the TGR are summarized. Additionally, the impacts of conducting ecological operations during the concentrated falling stage and the flood stage on other comprehensive utilization demands have been quantitatively analyzed. [Results] The result show that, ecological operations during the per-flood falling stage will result in water abandonment at Gezhouba Dam in 47.3% of years and water level daily decrease of the TGR exceeding 1 m in 47.3% of the years. The risk of water abandonment at Gezhouba Dam and water level daily decrease of the TGR exceeding 1 meter will be significantly mitigated by raising the water level of the TGR on June 10th or lowering it on May 25th. Water demand of the ecological operations in mid-June and late June during flood stage can not be satisfied under the typical year of P=90%. [Conclusion] Conclusion can be drawn as follows: if ecological operations were conducted during the pre-flood falling stage, there would be no constraints on water quantity and no impact on flood control, water supply, and navigation. However, there would be risks associated with water abandonment at Gezhouba Dam and water level daily decrease of the TGR exceeding 1 m. Conducting ecological operation during flood stage is mainly subject to water constraints, while flood control risks remain manageable. Considering ecological operations, optimal operational rules for the TGR can be formulated as follows: in years with relatively abundant inflow forecasts, the reservoir level can be preemptively lowered the water level by May 25th. Conversely, the water level on June 10th can be further raised to 150.0 m in years with deficient inflow forecasts.