青岛市平原区地下水干旱特征及对气象干旱的动态响应

Groundwater drought characteristics and its dynamic response to meteorological drought in Qingdao plain area

摘要

【目的】为探究青岛市平原区地下水干旱时空特征及对气象干旱的动态响应，【方法】利用2000—2020年20眼监测井逐月地下水位数据及平度站逐月降水数据分别计算标准化地下水指数(SGI)和多尺度的标准化降水指数(SPI),对地下水干旱和气象干旱演变及趋势特征进行分析，并利用Kendall’s秩相关系数定量识别地下水干旱对气象干旱的动态响应关系。【结果】结果显示：研究区地下水与降水都呈现先变湿后变干的趋势，地下水干旱出现时间滞后于气象干旱；地下水干旱对气象干旱的响应时间为30~56个月，整体响应程度较强；春季、夏季、秋季和冬季SGI与SPI-n(n=1,2,…,48)的最大相关系数分别为0.42、0.84、0.65和0.57,地下水干旱对气象干旱在夏、秋的响应程度明显强于春、冬；西南部SGI与SPI-n的相关系数明显小于其他区域。【结论】结果表明：受降水、包气带岩性及地下水开采等因素的影响，研究区地下水干旱及对气象干旱的响应存在时空异质性；从气象干旱到地下水干旱的传播是一个缓慢演化的隐性过程，掌握地下水干旱对气象干旱的时空响应关系，能为地下水干旱的预警和防控提供参考。

Abstract

[Objective] To explore the spatiotemporal characteristics of groundwater drought and its dynamic response to meteorological drought in Qingdao plain areas, [Methods] the standardized groundwater index(SGI) and standardized precipitation index(SPI) at the multi-scale were calculated using monthly groundwater level data from 20 monitoring wells and monthly precipitation data from Pingdu Station from 2000 to 2020. The evolution and trend characteristics of groundwater drought and meteorological drought were analyzed, and Kendall's rank correlation coefficient was used to quantitatively identify the dynamic response relationship between groundwater drought and meteorological drought. [Results] The result indicate that both groundwater and precipitation in the study area tend to become wet first and then dry, and the occurrence time of groundwater drought is later than that of meteorological drought. The response time of groundwater drought to meteorological drought is 30~56 months, and the overall response degree is strong. The maximum correlation coefficients between SGI and SPI-n(n=1, 2,… 48) in spring, summer, autumn, and winter were 0.42, 0.84, 0.65, and 0.57, respectively. The response degree of groundwater drought to meteorological drought was significantly stronger in summer and autumn than in spring and winter. The correlation coefficient between SGI and SPI-n in the southwest is significantly lower than in other regions. [Conclusion] The result reveal that there is spatiotemporal heterogeneity in groundwater drought and its response to meteorological drought in the study area, influenced by factors such as precipitation, lithology of the aquifer, and groundwater exploitation. The propagation from meteorological drought to groundwater drought is a slowly evolving implicit process. Understanding the spatiotemporal response relationship between groundwater drought and meteorological drought can provide reference for the early warning and prevention of groundwater drought.

关键词

地下水干旱 / 气象干旱 / 标准化地下水指数 / 标准化降水指数 / 动态响应 / 水资源 / 时空变化

Key words

groundwater drought / meteorological drought / standardized groundwater index / standardized precipitation index / dynamic response / water resources / spatiotemporal changes

基金资助

国家重点研发计划(2022YFC3204601)

国家自然科学基金项目(52079143)

国家自然科学基金项目(51609261)