湖泊表面水温异质性研究进展

Research advance on the heterogeneity of lake surface water temperature

摘要

【目的】湖泊是气候变化的指示器，湖泊表面水温影响湖泊物理化学过程与生态系统。深入研究湖泊表面水温空间分布特征，即湖温异质性，对揭示湖泊系统对气候变化响应的空间差异性具有重要意义。【方法】首先系统阐述湖泊表面水温异质性研究的必要性；其次，全面梳理可用于湖温异质性分析的数据来源；再次，从湖泊深度、气候要素和入湖径流三个关键维度深入探讨其对湖温异质性形成的影响机制；最后，对未来湖温异质性研究的发展方向进行展望。【结果】湖内表面水温存在温差，证实了开展湖温异质性特征分析的必要性。目前，湖温异质性研究主要依赖遥感数据提取和数值模拟两种数据获取方式。湖泊深度通过调控热力分层和热容量从而造成湖温异质性，湖泊上空气候要素的空间异质性同样会对湖温分布格局产生重要影响，而入湖径流与湖泊水体的温差效应会导致局部区域出现异常低温或高温现象，进而加剧湖温异质性。【结论】未来湖温异质性研究应重点量化入湖径流对湖温的影响范围，并建立各影响因素与湖温异质性之间的定量关系。通过解析湖温异质性特征，可以进一步反演流域尺度的水文气象条件，为区域气候变化下湖泊响应研究提供科学依据。

Abstract

[Objective] Lakes serve as indicators of climate change, with lake surface water temperature(LSWT) significantly influencing their physical-chemical processes and ecosystems. The spatial distribution characteristics of LSWT, referred to as lake temperature heterogeneity, are of great significance for understanding the spatial variability in lake responses to climate change. [Methods] The necessity of researching LSWT heterogeneity is first systematically elaborated. The data sources available for analyzing LSWT heterogeneity are then comprehensively reviewed. Furthermore, the mechanisms influencing LSWT heterogeneity are explored from three key dimensions: lake depth, climatic factors, and inflow rivers. Finally, an outlook on future research directions for LSWT heterogeneity is provided. [Results] Significant spatial variations in LSWT within lakes are identified, confirming the necessity of analyzing LSWT heterogeneity. Research on LSWT heterogeneity is currently conducted primarily through remote sensing data extraction and numerical modeling. Lake depth is found to regulate thermal stratification and heat capacity, leading to LSWT heterogeneity. The spatial variability of climatic factors above the lake is also demonstrated to significantly influence the distribution patterns of LSWT. Additionally, the temperature difference between inflow rivers and lake water is observed to cause localized anomalies of low or high temperatures, further intensifying LSWT heterogeneity. [Conclusion] Future research on LSWT heterogeneity is suggested to focus on quantifying the impact range of inflow rivers on LSWT and establishing quantitative relationships between influencing factors and LSWT heterogeneity. Through the analysis of LSWT heterogeneity characteristics, basin-scale hydrometeorological conditions can be inferred, providing scientific support for studying lake responses to regional climate change.

关键词

湖泊表面水温 / 空间异质性 / 驱动 / 气候变化 / 时空分布 / 水文气象 / 全球变暖 / 数值模拟

Key words

lake surface water temperature / spatial heterogeneity / driving force / climate change / spatiotemporal distribution / hydrometeorology / global warming / numerical simulation

基金资助

第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究(2024QZKK0400)

国家自然科学基金项目(41988101)