短程硝化-厌氧氨氧化工艺影响因素和研究进展

Influencing factors and research progress of partial nitrification-anammox process

摘要

【目的】短程硝化-厌氧氨氧化工艺(PN/A)因其节省曝气和外碳源投加，非常符合“双碳”背景下污水处理厂提质增效需求，近年来在高氨氮废水处理领域得到了越来越广泛的关注和应用，但其仍面临适用水质范围较窄等挑战，为进一步提高PN/A工艺处理效能、拓展其适用性，对现有研究文献及工程案例进行全面梳理、分析和总结。【方法】采用系统分析的方法，在阐明PN/A工艺反应机理、主要功能菌群及其相互关系的基础上，对温度、溶解氧、曝气强度和有机物浓度等影响PN/A工艺处理效能的关键因素进行了系统梳理，对其影响作用规律进行了详尽分析；结合对PN/A工艺反应器类型的对比分析，总结综述了PN/A工艺在不同类型废水处理中的应用；并结合对PN/A工艺现状问题的深入解析，提出了PN/A工艺的未来发展方向及改进策略。【结果】研究指出，通过对PN/A工艺的影响因素、作用机理以及工艺应用现状进行分析，发现目前PN/A工艺在传统高氨氮废水处理中表现出良好的适应性和优势，但在低温低氨氮废水处理中，PN/A工艺仍然面临NO^-₂-N供应不稳定和AnAOB生长活性低等主要挑战，需要进一步的研究解决。【结论】未来的研究需要结合工艺参数优化策略和新型反应器的开发，深入探讨在低温条件下处理高氨氮废水和主流城市废水脱氮的方法，以期拓宽PN/A工艺在水质处理方面的适用范围，并为广泛的工程应用提供参考。

Abstract

[Objective] The partial nitrification-anammox(PN/A) process, with its significant advantages in aeration energy savings and external carbon source input, closely aligns with the requirements of quality and efficiency improvement of wastewater treatment plants in the context of “dual-carbon” goals. In recent years, it has garnered increasing attention and applications in the treatment of high-ammonia-nitrogen wastewater. However, it still faces challenges such as limited applicability to various water qualities. To further improve the treatment performance of the PN/A process and expand its applicability, comprehensive review, analysis, and summary of existing research literature and engineering cases are conducted. [Methods] Using systematic analytical method, the reaction mechanisms, main functional microbial communities, and their interactions in the PN/A process are clarified. Based on this, the key factors influencing the treatment performance of the PN/A process, including temperature, dissolved oxygen, aeration intensity, and organic matter concentration, are systematically reviewed, and a detailed analysis of their influence patterns is conducted. Combined with a comparative analysis of reactor types used in the PN/A process, the applications of PN/A in different wastewater treatments are summarized. Furthermore, based on an in-depth analysis of current issues in the PN/A process, future development directions and improvement strategies are proposed. [Results] It is found that PN/A technology exhibits good adaptability and advantages in treating traditional high-ammonia-nitrogen wastewater through the analysis of the influencing factors, mechanisms, and current application status of the PN/A process. However, in the treatment of low-temperature and low-ammonia-nitrogen wastewater, the PN/A process still faces major challenges such as unstable NO^-₂-N supply and low growth activity of anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing bacteria(AnAOB), requiring further research. [Conclusion] Future research should combine process parameter optimization strategies with the development of new reactors, delving into method for treating high-ammonia-nitrogen wastewater and mainstream municipal wastewater nitrogen removal under low-temperature conditions. This aims to expand the applicability of the PN/A process in water quality treatment and provide references for broader engineering applications.

关键词

短程硝化-厌氧氨氧化 / 高氨氮 / AOB / 垃圾渗滤液 / 一体化反应器 / 影响因素

Key words

partial nitrification-anammox / high ammonia nitrogen / AOB / landfill leachate / integrated reactor / influencing factors

基金资助

国家自然科学基金青年基金项目(52200063)

山东省自然科学基金项目(ZR2023ME143)

生态环境部土壤与农业农村生态环境监管技术中心青年科技创新基金项目(QKC2024010)