特高拱坝变形分析与监测研究

Analysis and monitoring of deformation of ultra-high arch dams

摘要

305 m级的超大型水电站的工程技术及施工难度超乎想象，许多技术指标已超过现行规范的要求，掌握变形规律及拟定变形监控指标是极其复杂的研究，首先，基于1∶1的原型试验参数对现役坝体的重要形变性态进行多方位的分析与总结，反馈坝体实际服役性能，进而探究其外部影响因子及影响规律；其次，融合荷载集、荷载效应集，通过确定性函数和物理推断法综合确定各影响因素，依据实测资料确定模型中的各因子的系数，进而可以推算某一组荷载集时的荷载效应集，进而建立特高级拱坝变形监控统计模型，以判断建筑物的工作状态，对建筑物进行监控，通过典型测点的变形预测分析，将其与其他方法对比分析，进而得出特高级拱坝变形监控指标以及较优的拟定方法；第三，建立坝体的三维非线性有限元模型，提出了通过考虑坝体自重和外界水荷载下的增量步差值算法，较为精确的模拟了拱坝变形实际性态。研究成果对于以后类似工程的探究分析提供了有力的参照。

Abstract

The engineering technology and construction challenges of the 305-meter-level ultra-large hydropower station are beyond imagination, with many technical indicators surpassing current regulatory requirements. Mastering the deformation laws and formulating deformation monitoring indicators are extremely complex task. Firstly, the significant deformation characteristics of the active dam body are analyzed and summarized from multiple perspectives based on 1∶1 prototype test parameters, providing feedback on the actual service performance of the dam body and exploring external influencing factors and laws. Secondly, by integrating load sets and load effect sets, various influencing factors are comprehensively determined through deterministic functions and physical inference method. Based on measured data, the coefficients of each factor in the model are determined, allowing the calculation of the load effect set for a certain set of load sets. Subsequently, a deformation monitoring statistical model for super high arch dams is established to determine the working status of buildings and monitor them. Through deformation prediction analysis of typical measurement points, the result are compared and analyzed with other method, leading to the derivation of deformation monitoring indicators and optimal formulation method for super high arch dams. Thirdly, a three-dimensional nonlinear finite element model of the dam body is established, and an incremental step difference algorithm is proposed, considering the self-weight of the dam body and external water load, which accurately simulated the actual deformation behavior of the arch dam. The research result provide a strong reference for the exploration and analysis of similar projects in the future.

关键词

305 m级 / 超大型水电站 / 拱坝变形 / 变形监控

Key words

305 m level / ultra large hydropower stations / arch dam deformation / deformation monitoring

Author summay

王永庆(1974—), 男, 高级工程师, 学士, 主要从事水利工程建设与管理方面的研究。E-mail: [e-mail]