高压富水地层水工隧洞新型堵汇排渗控设计与应用研究

High-pressure water-rich stratum water conservancy tunnel new plugging and drainage control design and application research

摘要

富水隧洞堵排结合处理措施后仍存在难以同时满足外水压力和渗流量标准的双控要求，探索渗控新方法具有重要意义。灌浆堵水对减少隧洞渗流量具有明显作用但难以完全隔绝渗漏，实施后隧洞呈现小流量高水压的典型特点，排水和汇水起到明显卸压效果却无法抑制渗流量，为此在传统堵排设计基础上提出了堵汇排渗控理念，并剖析了不同渗控措施下衬砌周边水环境演化规律。研究结果表明，排水措施较浅时泄压能力差而较深时削弱了灌浆堵水效率，致使富水高压地层应用中泄压效果受限，通过设置汇水层能有效疏通衬砌周围的渗流通道，能在不影响灌浆封堵且大幅提升排水泄压效果；在局部排水孔堵塞或非全断面排水时，堵汇排设计能够提供衬砌背后局部渗流和水压消散通道，避免了衬砌偏压效应。新型堵汇排措施可为富水地层高外水压力渗控设计提供新思路。

Abstract

Deeply buried tunnels, even after adopting combined plugging and drainage treatment measures, still face difficulties in simultaneously meeting the dual control requirements of external water pressure and seepage flow standards. Exploring new seepage control method is of significant importance. To this end, the concept of “plugging, collecting, and draining” for seepage control is proposed, and the evolution laws of the surrounding water environment of the lining under different seepage control measures are analyzed. The research shows that grouting for water plugging plays a significant role in reducing the tunnel's seepage flow but is challenging to completely prevent leakage. After implementation, the tunnel exhibits the typical characteristics of “low flow, high water pressure”. Drainage and water collection have a noticeable pressure relief effect but cannot control the seepage flow, making the combined application of plugging, collecting, and draining the key to reducing flow and relieving pressure. When drainage measures are shallow, the pressure relief capability is poor, and when they are deep, the effectiveness of grouting for water plugging is weakened, limiting the pressure relief effect in water-rich and high-pressure strata. By setting up a collection layer, the seepage channels around the lining can be effectively dredged, which does not affect the grouting sealing and significantly improves the drainage and pressure relief effect. In cases of partial blockage of drainage holes or non-full-section drainage, the design of plugging, collecting, and draining can provide channels for local seepage and water pressure dissipation behind the lining, thus avoiding the lining bias effect. The new plugging, collecting, and draining measures can offer a new approach for the design of seepage control under high external water pressure in water-rich strata.

关键词

水工隧洞 / 富水地层 / 堵汇排设计 / 外水压力 / 渗流量

Key words

hydraulic tunnel / water-rich stratum / plugging,collecting,and draining design / external water pressure / seepage flow rate

Author summay

郭清华(1986—), 男, 高级工程师, 学士, 主要从事地下工程方向研究与管理。E-mail: [e-mail]

基金资助

国家自然科学基金项目(52179121)

流域水循环模拟与调控国家重点实验室自主研究课题(SKL2022ZD05)

中国水利水电科学研究院基本科研业务费专项项目(GE0145B012021)