近70 a我国干旱内陆区主要河流水沙变化及主要成因

Variation and main causes of runoff and sediment in main rivers in arid inland areas of China in recent 70 years

摘要

河流水沙变化关系到河流健康和功能，也反映出流域的环境变化。为了解我国干旱内陆区河流水沙变化情况及人类活动影响，本文选择我国干旱内陆区的塔里木河、黑河和疏勒河作为代表性河流，运用累积曲线法和M-K检验法分析了其代表性水文站在近70年间年径流量和年输沙量的变化，并探讨了主要成因。结果表明，塔里木河年径流量无趋势变化，黑河和疏勒河年径流量具有显著增加趋势；塔里木河和黑河年输沙量具有显著减少趋势；疏勒河的年输沙量有增加趋势。气候环境、水库工程建设、流域引水与河道漫溢、水土保持等是影响干旱内陆区河流水沙变化的主要因素。

Abstract

The variation of water and sediment in rivers is related to the health and function of rivers, and also reflects the environmental changes in the river basins. To understand the water and sediment variation and the influence of human activities in rivers of the arid inland areas in China, the Tarim River, Heihe River, and Shule River are selected, which are representative rivers in arid inland areas of China. The cumulative curve method and the M-K test are used to systematically analyze the change characteristics of annual runoff and annual sediment transport at representative hydrological stations in these rivers from 1950 to 2020, and explores the main factors affecting the water and sediment changes in arid inland river basins. The result indicate that the annual runoff at the representative hydrological station of the Tarim River exhibits no trend variation, whereas the annual sediment discharge presents a significant decreasing trend. The annual runoff at the representative hydrological station of the Heihe River shows a significant increasing trend, while the annual sediment discharge shows a significant decreasing trend. The annual runoff at the representative hydrological station of the Shule River displays a significant increasing trend, and the annual sediment discharge shows an increasing trend. The main factors affecting the change of runoff and sediment in arid inland rivers include climate environment, reservoir construction, watershed diversion and river overflow, soil and water conservation, unreasonable exploitation and utilization of watershed, and imperfect watershed policies and management.

关键词

干旱内陆区河流 / 水沙变化 / 趋势分析 / 主要影响因素 / 人类活动

Key words

Arid inland rivers / runoff and sediment load variations / trend analysis / main influencing factors / human activities

Author summay

陈 康(1991—), 男, 工程师, 硕士, 主要从事流域水沙演变、水利规划与战略研究。E-mail: [e-mail]

基金资助

国家自然科学基金项目(52309041)