大渡河沙湾水电站鱼道过鱼效率评估研究

Study on fish passage efficiency evaluation of Shawan Hydropower Station on Dadu River

摘要

为了解沙湾水电站鱼道的过鱼效果，在鱼道内开展了通过性与折返性试验。以中华倒刺鲃(Spinibarbus sinensis)为研究对象，通过在鱼道内安装PIT(Passive Integrated Transpondere)监测设备，记录标记鱼上溯行为。结果表明，调查期间坝下共采集到鱼类15种，共计284尾，属2目4科13属，坝下优势种(IRI>1 000)为钝吻棒花鱼、麦穗鱼、白甲鱼、短须颌须鮈、唇鮈和裸腹片唇鮈。鱼道内共采集到鱼类10种，共计258尾，属1目2科10属，鱼道内优势种(IRI>1 000)为尖鳍马口鱼大鳞亚种、裸腹片唇鮈、蛇鮈、钝吻棒花鱼、麦穗鱼。监测期间共获得标记鱼信号1 848次，共监测到标记鱼221尾，有70尾未被监测到信息。标记鱼上行率为36.08%,折返率为58.42%,通过率为18.10%。监测期间白天(8:00—20:00)监测到的信号数高于夜晚(20:00—8:00),使用鱼道最频繁时间段为10:00—11:00、15:00—16:00和16:00—17:00。研究成果可为国内过鱼设施的过鱼效果研究提供参考。

Abstract

In order to understand the fish passing effect of the fishway of Shawan Hydropower Station, this study carried out the passing and reentry tests in the fishway.Spinibarbus sinensis was taken as the research object, the tracing behavior of marked fish was recorded by installing(Passive Integrated Transpondere, PIT) monitoring equipment in the fishway. The result showed that a total of 284 fish belonging to 2 orders, 4 families, 13 genera and 15 species were collected during the investigation period. The dominant species(IRI>1 000) under the dam were C.fuscoguttatus, Pseudorasbora parva, Onychostoma belcheri, Scleroderma brachygnathus, Scleroderma labeo and Scleroderma labeo. A total of 258 fish species were collected in the fishway, belonging to 10 genera, 2 families and 1 order. The dominant species(IRI>1 000) in the fishway were Epinephelus acuminatus subsp.major, Leptobagrus przewalskii, Gobiocypris rarus, Hemibarbus labeo and Pseudorasbora parva. During the monitoring period, a total of 1 848 labeled fish signals were obtained, a total of 221 labeled fish were monitored, and 70 fish were not monitored.The upward rate of the marked fish was 36.08%, the reentry rate was 58.42%, and the pass rate was 18.10%. During the monitoring period, the number of signals monitored during the day(8:00—20:00) was higher than that at night(20:00—8:00), and the most frequent periods of fishway use were 10:00—11:00,15:00—16:00 and 16:00—17:00. This study can provide a reference for the study of fish passage effect of domestic fish passage facilities.

关键词

鱼道 / PIT标记 / IRI / 通过率 / 中华倒刺鲃

Key words

fishway / PIT marker / IRI / pass rate / Spinibarbus sinensis

Author summay

廖艺红(2000—), 女, 助理工程师, 学士, 主要从事水生生态学研究。E-mail: [e-mail]

基金资助

四川大渡河沙湾水电站鱼道效果评估监测项目(SW2022/ S-10)