基于环境DNA的长江上游朱沱产卵场鱼类多样性及优势种生态位分析（英文）

路嘉; 王丽; 李瑞娇; 杨瑾; 张鹏; 杨胜发

doi:10.13928/j.cnki.wrahe.2025.S1.070

水利水电技术（中英文） ›› 2025, Vol. 56 ›› Issue (S1) : 454 -467. DOI: 10.13928/j.cnki.wrahe.2025.S1.070

水环境与水生态

基于环境DNA的长江上游朱沱产卵场鱼类多样性及优势种生态位分析（英文）

路嘉 ¹^,² ,
王丽 ¹^,³ ,
李瑞娇 ¹ ,
杨瑾 ¹^,³ ,
张鹏 ¹^,³ ,
杨胜发 ¹^,³

作者信息 +

Environmental DNA assessment of fish diversity, distribution and niche characteristics in Zhutuo spawning ground in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River

Jia LU ¹^,² ,
Li WANG ¹^,³ ,
Ruijiao LI ¹ ,
Jin YANG ¹^,³ ,
Peng ZHANG ¹^,³ ,
Shengfa YANG ¹^,³

Author information +

文章历史 +

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摘要

【目的】随着“十年禁渔”政策的实施，长江上游珍稀特有鱼类国家级自然保护区内产卵场的鱼类多样性及优势种的生态位特征可能会发生改变，于2022年2月开始持续对保护区内的天然产卵场生境展开调查。【方法】研究使用环境DNA宏条形码对产卵场鱼类物种组成、生物多样性及优势种的生态位等特征进行分析。【结果】结果显示，本次调查通过环境DNA (eDNA)共检测出鱼类45种，隶属于3目13科38属，其中包含岩原鲤、胭脂鱼等10种长江上游特有鱼类，鱼类群落主要以栖息在底层，产沉性卵、杂食性鱼类为主，且Chao1指数、ACE指数、Shannon指数和Simpson指数的变化范围分别为736~996、719~965、1.58~3.23和0.83~0.99,且各指数均以ZT1监测点处最高。通过聚类分析表明，在一定的相似性水平上，产卵场鱼类群落类型基本可分为2组，监测点ZT3首先与ZT1和ZT5聚为一组，ZT2和ZT4聚为一组。鱼类优势种共有9种，其生态位宽度Bi变化范围为1.13~3.87,以鲤、张氏等广生态位和中生态位鱼类为主，且部分鱼类优势种生态位重叠指数O_ik达到了0.95以上。【结论】结果表明，朱沱产卵场鱼类物种丰富，群落结构较为相似，均匀度较高，鱼类对资源的竞争较为激烈。本研究为长江上游鱼类监测提供了一种新的方法和视角，具有重要的现实意义，也为该处的鱼类资源管理和保护提供了基础数据。

Abstract

[Objective] Implementation of the Ten-Year Fishing Ban policy may alter fish diversity and niche characteristics of dominant species in spawning grounds within the National Nature Reserve for Rare and Endemic Fish in the Upper Yangtze River. This study initiated continuous monitoring of natural spawning habitats from February 2022 to assess these ecological changes. [Methods] Environmental DNA(e DNA) metabarcoding was employed to analyze fish species composition, biodiversity patterns, and niche parameters of dominant species. Water sampling followed the CEN/TS 19461 standard across five monitoring transects(ZT1-ZT5). [Results] The e DNA analysis detected 45 species of fish belonging to 38 genera, 13 families, and 3 orders were detected through environmental DNA(e DNA) in this survey, including 10 species endemic to the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, such as Procypris rabaudi and Myxocyprinus asiaticus. The fish community was mainly composed of bottom-dwelling, settling ovum-producing, omnivorous fish. The variation ranges of the Chao1 index, ACE index, Shannon index, and Simpson index are 736~996, 719~ 965, 1. 58 ~ 3. 23, and 0. 83 ~ 0. 99, respectively, indicating that fish species in spawning sites are abundant and community distribution uniformity is high. All indexes are highest at ZT1 monitoring points. Cluster analysis showed that, at a certain similarity level, fish community types in spawning sites could be basically divided into two groups: ZT1, ZT3, and ZT5 clustered together, and ZT2 and ZT4 clustered together, indicating similar fish community habitats. There are 9 dominant fish species in typical deep pool habitats in the reserve, with niche widths(Bi) ranging from 1. 13 to 3. 87. The dominant fish species are broad and medium niche fish, such as Cyprinus carpio and Hemiculter tchangi, with the niche overlap index(Oik) of some dominant fish species reaching more than 0. 95. This indicates fierce competition for resources among the fish in this spawning ground. [Conclusion] The Zhutuo spawning ground demonstrates high species richness with homogeneous community structure and intense resource competition. This study establishes an e DNA-based monitoring framework that enhances conventional survey method, providing critical baseline data for adaptive management under the fishing moratorium regime.