小微水体水质净化提升生态协同修复技术研究示范

Research and demonstration of water quality purification and ecological restoration technology for small and micro water bodies

摘要

小微水体作为水资源和水环境的重要载体，在蓄水、排水、保水、净水等方面发挥着重要作用，与群众生产生活关系密切。近年来，三峡库区农村移民安置区小微水体出现萎缩、水质恶化、功能不达标等现象，是移民群众反映强烈的环境问题之一。基于水体生态修复原理，综合运用生态净化床、湿地植物和人工水草等多种修复组合，恢复水生态系统功能，提升景观效果，以重庆市奉节县朱衣镇某移民安置村的堰塘和小河小溪两种类型小微水体为示范对象，开展技术示范，改善水质，恢复水生态系统功能，提升景观效果。水质监测结果显示，在外界主要污染源得到削减控制后，示范小微水体中COD_Mn、NH₃-N、TN、TP等指标达到《地表水环境质量标准》(GB 3838—2002)Ⅲ类水质标准以上，水生态系统功能得到恢复，示范效果良好，为库区开展小微水体综合治理提供了技术参考和案例借鉴。

Abstract

As an important carrier of water resources and water environment, small and micro water bodies play an important role in water storage, drainage, water conservation and water purification, and are closely related to people's production and life.In recent years, the small and micro water bodies in the rural resettlement areas in the Three Gorges Reservoir area have shrunk, the water quality has deteriorated, and the functions are not up to standard, which is one of the environmental problems strongly reflected by the migrants.Based on the principle of water ecological restoration, a variety of restoration combinations was used such as ecological purification beds, wetland plants and artificial aquatic plants to restore the function of water ecosystem and improve the landscape effect. Taking two types of small and micro water bodies of ponds and streams in a resettlement village in Zhuyi Town, Fengjie County, Chongqing as demonstration objects, this study carries out technical demonstration to improve water quality, restore the function of water ecosystem and enhance the landscape effect. The water quality monitoring result showed that after the main external pollution sources were reduced and controlled, the indicators of COD_Mn, NH₃-N, TN, TP and other indicators in the demonstration small and micro water bodies reached above the class Ⅲ water quality standard of the GB3838-2002, and the functions of the water ecosystem were restored. The demonstration effect was good, which provided technical reference and case reference for the comprehensive treatment of small and micro water bodies in the reservoir area.

关键词

农村移民安置区 / 小微水体 / 水质净化提升 / 生态协同修复 / 研究示范

Key words

rural resettlement area / small and micro water bodies / water purification / ecological collaborative restoration / research and demonstration

Author summay

程来锋(1982—), 男, 高级工程师, 硕士, 主要从事水生态水环境治理技术研究。E-mail: [e-mail]

基金资助

2021 年国家重大水利工程建设基金(三峡后续工作)(2136902)