复合人工湿地技术在三峡库区农村移民安置区生活污水处理的研究示范

Research and demonstration of hybrid constructed wetland technology for domestic sewage treatment in rural resettlement areas in the Three Gorges Reservoir area

摘要

基于三峡库区农村移民安置区生活污水处理现状调查，针对农村移民安置区数量多、集聚散、地形杂的特点，以水质净化协同资源利用为目标，选取三峡库区秭归县1处农村移民安置居民点示范，采用垂直潜流+水平潜流复合人工湿地+水质调控型按需排放的生态、无动力技术对其进行生活污水处理应用。监测结果显示，该技术对化学需氧量(Chemical Oxygen Demand, COD_Cr)、5日生化需氧量(Biochemical Oxygen Demand, BOD₅)、总氮(Total Nitrogen, TN)、总磷(Total Phosphorus, TP)和NH₃-N(氨氮)平均去除率分别达到79.11%、84.51%、43.42%、59.71%和71.89%。该技术具有处理效果好、操作运维简单、无动力消耗、建设运行成本低、不受处理规模及地形限制等优势，适用于山区农村人口规模50~200人的居民点生活污水处理，为三峡库区农村生活污水生态处理与资源化利用提供技术参考和案例借鉴。

Abstract

Based on the investigation of the current situation of domestic sewage treatment in rural resettlement areas in the Three Gorges Reservoir area, aiming at the characteristics of large number of villages, scattered settlements and complex terrain in rural resettlement areas, and aiming at water quality purification and collaborative resource utilization, one rural resettlement residential area was selected in Zigui County in the Three Gorges Reservoir area for demonstration, and applied the ecological and unpowered technology of vertical subsurface flow+horizontal subsurface flow hybrid constructed wetland+water quality control and on-demand discharge to treat domestic sewage.The monitoring results showed that the average removal rates of COD_Cr(chemical oxygen demand), BOD₅(biochemical oxygen demand), TN(total nitrogen), TP(total phosphorus) and NH₃-N(ammonia nitrogen) were 79.11%, 84.51%, 43.42%, 59.71% and 71.89%, respectively. This technology has the advantages of good treatment effect, simple operation and maintenance, no power consumption, low construction and operation cost, and is not limited by the treatment scale and terrain. It is suitable for the treatment of domestic sewage in residential areas with a population of 50~200 people in the mountainous area, and provides technical reference and case reference for the ecological treatment and resource utilization of rural domestic sewage in the Three Gorges Reservoir area.

关键词

三峡库区 / 农村移民安置区 / 农村生活污水 / 生态处理 / 复合人工湿地

Key words

Three Gorges Reservoir area / rural resettlement area / rural domestic sewage / ecological treatment / hybrid constructed wetland

Author summay

尚明韪(1995—), 男, 工程师, 硕士, 主要从事水生态水环境治理相关技术研究。E-mail: [e-mail]

基金资助

2023 年国家重大水利工程建设基金项目(三峡后续工作)(2136902)