富水断层破碎带TBM卡机及高效处置措施

张彬; 张莹; 郭晓刚; 伯音; 龙敏; 徐兵; 张鹏; 莫垚; 张磊; 熊军

doi:10.13928/j.cnki.wrahe.2025.S2.057

水利水电技术（中英文） ›› 2025, Vol. 56 ›› Issue (S2) : 323 -329. DOI: 10.13928/j.cnki.wrahe.2025.S2.057

工程施工

富水断层破碎带TBM卡机及高效处置措施

张彬 ¹ ,
张莹 ¹ ,
郭晓刚 ² ,
伯音 ²^,³ ,
龙敏 ² ,
徐兵 ¹ ,
张鹏 ¹ ,
莫垚 ¹ ,
张磊 ⁴ ,
熊军 ⁵

作者信息 +

TBM jamming analysis and efficient release technology in water-rich fault fracture zone

Bin ZHANG ¹ ,
Ying ZHANG ¹ ,
Xiaogang GUO ² ,
Yin BO ²^,³ ,
Min LONG ² ,
Bing XU ¹ ,
Peng ZHANG ¹ ,
Yao MO ¹ ,
Lei ZHANG ⁴ ,
Jun XIONG ⁵

Author information +

文章历史 +

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摘要

富水断层破碎带由于其本身稳定性差，当TBM穿越该段地层时，常常引发大规模、难处理的TBM卡机灾害。以新疆某输水隧洞敞开式TBM卡机事件为例，重点分析支护结构局部大变形成因及在断层主断面附近的隧洞围岩收敛变形特征。由现场工程地质条件和结构变形情况分析，判断此次卡机事件是由于左侧和上侧围岩在开挖扰动作用下破裂碎胀变形后对护盾产生较大的挤压作用，使得TBM搭载的最大推力难以克服围岩-护盾间摩阻力。通过数值模拟分析，左上侧破碎围岩除碎胀变形体积膨胀外还表现有沿断层主滑面滑动的整体力学响应，因此在水流作用下造成了现场隧洞内初期护盾和钢拱架等左上侧发生明显挤压现象；此外，模拟结果表明随着卡机时间增长，卡机范围及严重程度都会加剧，具体表现为拱顶围岩也逐渐发生明显碎胀变形，使得护盾受环向近270°范围内的挤压作用。依据经典弹性地基梁理论，计算了钢拱架极易变形范围，进一步解释了该次卡机事故中钢拱架及护盾的严重变形现象。最后，结合现场施工条件及国内外工程经验和上述分析的卡机灾害孕育过程，提出了“紧-注-挖”的高效TBM脱困理论。现场采用密立钢拱架、化学灌浆加固后，使得洞周形成坚固的承压拱效应，配合后续挖槽脱困技术，TBM成功脱困。

Abstract

Due to the rock mass' s poor stability in the water-rich fault fracture zone, the large-scale and difficult-to-handle TBM machine jamming disasters often happen when TBMs pass through such regions. The jamming incident of an open TBM in a water conveyance tunnel located in Xinjiang was taken as an example to analyze the causes of local large deformation of the supporting structure and the convergence deformation characteristics of the tunnel surrounding rock near the main fault surface. Based on the analysis of on-site engineering geological conditions and structural deformation, it was determined that the jamming incident was caused by the rupture, expansion and deformation of the left and upper surrounding rocks under the influence of excavation disturbance, which exerted a large squeezing effect on the shield, causing the mutual friction between the surrounding rock and the shield greater than the TBM's maximum thrust. Through numerical simulation analysis, the fractured surrounding rock on the upper left side showed an overall mechanical response of sliding along the main slip surface of the fault besides volume expansion and deformation. Therefore, under the effect of water flow, the initial shield and steel arch were severely damaged. In addition, the simulation result show that as the jamming time increases, the scope and severity of the jamming will intensify. Specifically, the surrounding rock of the vault also gradually undergoes obvious expansion and deformation, causing the shield to be affected by the circumferential force within the scope of 270°. Based on the classic elastic foundation beam theory, the easily deformable range of the supporting steel arch was calculated, further explaining the severe deformation phenomenon of the steel arch and shield in this jamming case. Finally, according to the on-site construction conditions, domestic and foreign engineering experience, and the above-mentioned analysis of the jamming disaster breeding process, an efficient TBM release theory of "tight-injection-excavation" is proposed. After the dense steel arch and chemical grouting were implemented, a strong pressure-bearing arch effect was formed around the tunnel. With the subsequent excavation release technology, the TBM was successfully continuing operation.