抽水蓄能电站转轮的水力设计及优化

Hydraulic design and optimization of rotary wheel for pumped storage power station

摘要

抽水蓄能电站作为电力系统灵活调峰的核心装备，其性能直接影响电网稳定性与能源利用效率。转轮作为水泵水轮机的核心部件，承担着能量双向转换的关键功能。作为水泵水轮机的核心过流部件，转轮承担着能量转换的关键任务。在水泵工况时，转轮将电能转化为水体势能；在水轮机工况时，又将势能还原为电能。这种双向运行特性对转轮设计提出严苛要求：需同时满足水泵工况的高扬程、高效率特性与水轮机工况的宽流量范围稳定性，其水力性能直接决定机组的能量转换效率(占机组总效率的70~80%)和运行稳定性(如压力脉动、振动等问题)。从转轮的结构特点出发，深入探讨了抽水蓄能电站转轮的水力设计原理、优化方法、关键参数分析以及在实际应用中的效果评估，旨在为抽水蓄能电站的设计和运行提供更为详尽和科学的参考。

Abstract

As the core equipment for flexible peak regulation in power systems, the performance of pumped storage power stations directly affects the stability of the power grid and the efficiency of energy utilization. The impeller, as the key component of the pump-turbine, plays a critical role in bidirectional energy conversion. In pump mode, the impeller converts electrical energy into the potential energy of water; in turbine mode, it transforms the potential energy of water back into electrical energy. This bidirectional operating characteristic imposes stringent requirements on impeller design: it must simultaneously ensure high head and high efficiency under pump conditions, as well as stable operation across a wide flow range under turbine conditions. The hydraulic performance of the impeller directly determines the unit's energy conversion efficiency(accounting for 70~80% of the total efficiency) and operational stability(including issues such as pressure pulsation and vibration). The structural characteristics of the impeller were analysed and an in-depth discussion on the principles of hydraulic design, optimization method, key parameter analysis, and practical performance evaluation was carried out. The objective is to provide detailed and scientific references for the design and operation of pumped storage power stations.

关键词

抽水蓄能电站 / 水泵水轮机 / 转轮 / 水力设计 / 优化方法 / 转换效率

Key words

pumped storage power station / pump-turbine / impeller / hydraulic design / optimization methods / energy conversion efficiency

Author summay

曹阳阳(1991—), 男, 工程师, 总工程师, 学士, 主要从事电力工程建设施工技术管理研究。E-mail: [e-mail]