基于注浆抛石联合防护的桥梁抗冲刷设计方法研究

Bridge scour protection design method based on combined grouting and riprap protection

摘要

桥墩桩基的冲刷是造成桥梁结构破坏的关键因素之一，研究高效实用的抗冲刷防护手段对保障桥梁安全运营具有重要意义。提出一种基于注浆与抛石联合防护的桥梁抗冲刷设计方法，并与传统的单一防护方式进行对比分析。通过对Melville试验进行数值仿真，验证了基于Flow-3D软件模拟桥梁冲刷过程的准确性。随后分别采用清水冲刷模拟与定床模拟方法，分析注浆区域的临界切应力启动特征及抛石扰流能力，进一步探讨联合防护措施在桥墩桩基周边的冲刷控制效果。研究显示，注浆与抛石联合防护在改变流场结构、降低局部流速、减小冲刷坑深度及优化冲刷形态等方面均表现优越，明显优于单独注浆或单独抛石的防护形式。联合防护措施可显著提高桥墩桩基在洪水冲刷作用下的稳定性，对延长桥梁使用寿命具有积极意义。

Abstract

Pier foundation scour is one of the leading causes of bridge failure, highlighting the urgent need for practical and effective scour protection strategies to ensure the structural safety and serviceability of bridges under flood conditions. A bridge scour protection design that combines grouting and riprap, was proposed and evaluates its effectiveness compared to single protection approaches. The reliability of scour simulations conducted with Flow-3D was validated by replicating the Melville experiment. Subsequently, clear-water scour simulations were carried out to analyze the critical initiation shear stress of the grouted regions around the pile foundations. In parallel, fixed-bed scour simulations were used to evaluate the turbulence-modulating effects of riprap based on flow velocity distribution around the pile. A comprehensive simulation of the combined protection method was then performed to assess its impact on scour depth and pit morphology. The comparative analysis revealed that the combined grouting and riprap protection significantly reduced scour depth, altered flow patterns more effectively, and led to more favorable scour pit geometries than either grouting or riprap alone. The integrated use of grouting and riprap provides a promising solution for pier foundation scour protection.

关键词

冲刷防护 / 抛石 / 注浆 / 联合防护设计 / 数值仿真

Key words

scour protection / rock throwing / grouting / joint protection design / numerical simulation

Author summay

王宁勇(1976—), 男, 工程师, 学士, 主要从事道路养护管理的研究。E-mail: [e-mail]

基金资助

国家自然科学基金项目(52378135)

国家自然科学基金项目(52022021)

国家自然科学基金项目(51978160)