水电站主厂房火灾烟气扩散特性研究

Study on the diffusion characteristics of fire smoke in the main powerhouse of a hydropower station

摘要

我国水电站工程发展迅速，同时其面临的火灾风险也越来越大。为研究水电站主厂房的火灾烟气扩散特性，基于国内某典型大型水电站工程，构建了等尺寸数值模型，针对发电机层端部、发电机层中部、母线层中部和水轮机层中部4种起火场景展开研究，分析了不同火灾场景下的烟气扩散过程和蔓延特性。研究表明：当发电机层端部和中部起火时，烟气几乎不会扩散至其他层，而母线层和水轮机层中部起火时，烟气最终将填充满整个主厂房空间，但不同场景下的烟气在各层间的扩散机制存在差异。研究结论可为水电站主厂房及超大空间火灾烟气防控和应急处置提供理论和技术指导。

Abstract

The hydropower station projects are developing rapidly in China. At the same time, the fire risks they face are also increasing. To study the diffusion characteristics of fire smoke in the main powerhouse of a hydropower station, a numerical model of the same size was constructed based on a typical large-scale hydropower station project in China. This research is carried out for four fire scenarios: a fire at the end of the generator floor, a fire in the middle of the generator floor, a fire in the middle of the busbar floor, and a fire in the middle of the turbine floor. The smoke diffusion process and spread characteristics under different fire scenarios are analyzed and discussed. The research shows that when a fire breaks out at the end or in the middle of the generator floor, the smoke cannot diffuse to other floors. However, when a fire breaks out in the middle of the busbar floor or the turbine floor, the smoke will fill the entire space of the main powerhouse eventually. Nevertheless, the diffusion mechanisms of smoke among different floors vary under different scenarios. The research conclusion can provide theoretical and technical guidance for fire smoke prevention, control, and emergency response in the main powerhouses of hydropower stations as well as extra-large spaces.

关键词

水电站火灾 / 主厂房 / 高大空间 / 烟气扩散 / 数值模拟

Key words

hydropower station fire / main powerhouse / high and large space / smoke diffusion / numerical simulation

Author summay

杨宇轩(1996—), 男, 助理研究员, 博士, 主要从事地下空间安全、火灾安全等研究。E-mail: [e-mail]

基金资助

公共火灾防治技术四川省高等学校重点实验室开放基金资助(SC_ KLPFPCT2024Y08)

火灾安全全国重点实验室开放课题资助(HZ2025-KF19)

国家重点研发计划青年科学家项目(2022YFC3080900)

北京理工大学科技创新计划“ 杰青培育”(2022CX01025)

国家自然科学基金创新研究群体科学基金(12221002)