水利与铁路公路行业工程地质勘察规范发展比较

Comparison of the development of engineering geological investigation codesbetween water conservancy and railway, highway industries

摘要

为探究水利与铁路公路行业工程地质勘察规范自“一五”至今发展的异同，采用对比分析法，从发展方式与适用范围、已建工程、不良地质、附属建筑设施的规定五个方面进行了分析比较。结果显示：(1)水利行业工程地质勘察规范呈分散式发展，铁路公路行业工程地质勘察规范呈归并式发展，发展方式不同；(2)《水利水电工程地质勘察规范》可适用中型工程的范围逐步收窄，《铁路(公路)工程地质勘察规范》适用类型(等级)逐步扩大，适用范围的规定存在显著差别；(3)改革开放后实施的水利规范与现行公路规范均无已建工程的勘察规定，铁路规范相应规定至今已实施39年，已建工程的规定存在显著区别；(4)水利规范不良地质的规定存在诸多不足，铁路公路规范采用专业术语，且分别有专门规范与专章指导勘察工作，不良地质的规定存在显著差别；(5)1978年后实施的水利规范皆无附属建筑设施的规定，铁路公路规范相应规定截至目前已实施20余年，附属建筑设施的规定存在明显区别。结果表明，水利规范不及铁路公路规范，需编制适合新发展阶段水利高质量发展的《水利水电工程地质勘察规范》。

Abstract

In order to explore the similarities and differences in the development of engineering geological investigation codes in the water conservancy and railway, highway industries since the 1st Five-Year Plan until now, a comparative analysis method is used to analyze and compare from five aspects: development mode and scope of application, existing projects, unfavorable geological condition, and provisions for ancillary construction projects. The results show that:(1) The engineering geological investigation codes in the water conservancy industry has developed in a dispersed manner, while in the railway and highway industries, it has developed in a convergent manner, with different development ways;(2) The scope of application of the Code for Engineering Geological Investigation of Water Resources and Hydropower is gradually narrowing for medium-sized projects, while the Code for Geology Investigation of Railway(Highway) Engineering is gradually expanding in terms of applicable types(grades), and there are significant differences in the provisions of the scope of application;(3) The water conservancy regulations implemented after the reform and opening up and the current highway regulations do not have investigation regulations for existing projects, while the railway codes have had corresponding provisions in place for 39 years, and there are significant differences in the provisions for existing projects;(4) The water conservancy industry codes have many shortcomings in the provisions for unfavorable geological conditions, while the railway and highway industries codes use professional terminology and have specific codes and chapters to guide investigation work, with significant differences in the provisions for unfavorable geological conditions;(5) The water conservancy industry codes implemented from 1978 to the present do not have provisions for ancillary construction projects, while the railway and highway industries codes have had corresponding provisions in place for over 20 years, and there are clear differences in the provisions for ancillary construction projects. The results indicate that some of the regulations in water conservancy standards are not as good as those in railway and highway standards, and it is necessary to develop a Code for Engineering Geological Investigation of Water Resources and Hydropower that is suitable for the high-quality development of water conservancy in the new development stage.

关键词

工程地质 / 勘察规范 / 水利行业 / 铁路行业 / 公路行业

Key words

engineering geology / investigation code / water conservancy industry / railway industry / highway industry

Author summay

付大庆(1974—), 男, 正高级工程师, 硕士, 主要从事水利工程地质及其勘察标准与建筑工程抗浮设防水位研究。E-mail: [e-mail]