多源异构监测技术在滑坡变形监测中的应用研究

Application research of multi-source heterogeneous monitoring technology in landslide deformation monitoring

摘要

滑坡作为一种常见的地质灾害，严重威胁着人类生命财产安全与工程设施运维稳定。多源异构监测技术通过整合多时相光学卫星遥感影像、合成孔径雷达干涉测量(InSAR)、无人机航摄数据、全球导航卫星系统(GNSS)等多种不同原理、不同数据形式的监测手段，为滑坡变形监测带来新的契机。此次研究以四川省汉源县大渡河右岸宏祥滑坡为研究对象，深入剖析多源异构监测技术在滑坡变形监测中的应用效果，研究结果表明：(1)采用多时相光学卫星影像，结合无人机航摄数据，可以直观清晰地判别滑坡的变形部位和张拉裂缝，宏祥滑坡变形强烈区域位于滑坡中前部，最大沉降裂缝长达10 m,宽约5 cm;(2)采用InSAR形变监测技术，可从遥感角度得到滑坡的定量监测形变值，滑坡前缘部位最大位移量为143.2 mm,后缘最大变形量为55.5 mm,中部变形量在65~120 mm之间；(3)采用GNSS地面监测技术，可以实测滑坡变形量值，四处监测点位移值分别为127.99 mm、115.18 mm、133.55 mm、72.47 mm,实测监测值可为滑坡灾害的监测预警提供量化指标参考。综上所述，多源异构监测技术能有效提高滑坡变形监测的准确性与可靠性，为滑坡灾害预警与防治决策提供更为科学、全面的数据支持，具有广阔的应用前景。

Abstract

Landslides, as a common geological hazard, pose significant threats to human life, property safety, and operational stability of engineering facilities. Multi-source heterogeneous monitoring technology, which integrates monitoring method of diverse principles and data formats—including multi-temporal optical satellite remote sensing images, Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar(InSAR), unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV) aerial survey data, and the Global Navigation Satellite System(GNSS)—is recognized as a novel approach for landslide deformation monitoring. This study was conducted on the Hongxiang landslide along the right bank of the Dadu River in Hanyuan County, Sichuan Province, to systematically evaluate the application efficacy of multi-source heterogeneous monitoring technology. The result are summarized as follows:(1) Deformation zones and tensile cracks were clearly identified through the synergistic use of multi-temporal optical satellite imagery and UAV aerial data. The most intensive deformation area was localized in the middle-front section of the landslide, where maximum settlement cracks were measured at 10 m in length and approximately 5 cm in width.(2) Quantitative deformation values were derived from InSAR monitoring, revealing a maximum displacement of 143.2 mm at the frontal margin, 55.5 mm deformation at the rear edge, and intermediate deformation ranging between 65-120 mm in the central section.(3) Ground-based GNSS measurements were implemented to record displacement values at four monitoring points: 127.99 mm, 115.18 mm, 133.55 mm, and 72.47 mm. These field-measured values are proposed as critical quantifiable indicators for landslide early warning systems. The findings demonstrate that multi-source heterogeneous monitoring technology can be effectively utilized to enhance the accuracy and reliability of landslide deformation monitoring. This integrated approach is validated to provide scientifically robust and comprehensive data support for landslide hazard early warning and mitigation decision-making, highlighting its significant application potential.

关键词

滑坡 / 多源异构监测 / 光学影像监测 / InSAR形变监测 / GNSS位移监测

Key words

landslide / multi source heterogeneous monitoring / optical image monitoring / InSAR deformation monitoring / GNSS displacement monitoring

Author summay

张一军(1978—), 男, 高级工程师, 硕士, 主要从事岩土工程勘察工作。E-mail: [e-mail]