2024年全国水电站大坝汛情形势复盘分析与防汛监察展望

Retorspective analysis of the flood control situation of hydropower dams in China 2024 and the prospects of flood control supervision

摘要

2024年汛期，全国汛情形势严峻复杂程度历史罕见。汛期纳入国家能源局监管的689座注册(备案)水电站大坝中，多达120座大坝遭遇中洪水及以上洪水(重现期5年以上),其中有10座大坝遭遇特大洪水(重现期50年以上),多座水电站大坝遭遇投运以来的历史最大洪水，广东长潭等大坝遭遇了超标准洪水。复盘分析了2024年全国汛情主要特点，总结了注册(备案)水电站大坝遭遇洪水情况，对长潭大坝超标准洪水期间的调度过程和应急情况进行复盘。在此基础上，总结了大坝防汛监察面临的风险挑战，并结合管理与实践经验提出相关建议。研究成果对提高水电站大坝防汛应急监察和管理能力具有指导意义。

Abstract

The severity and complexity of the flood situation in China during the flood season in 2024 were rare. As many as 120 of the 689 registered(recorded) hydropower dams under the supervision of the National Energy Administration suffered moderate floods or above(return period of more than 5 years), of which 10 dams suffered extreme floods(return period of more than 50 years), and several of them suffered the largest floods in history since operation. Changtan dam in Guangdong Province and several other dams experienced super standard flood. The main characteristics of the flood situation in China 2024 were retorspectively analyzed. The flood situation of registered(recorded) hydropower dams was summarized, and the operation process and emergency situation during the super standard flood of Changtan dam in 2024 were reviewed. On this basis, the risks and challenges faced by dam flood control supervision are summarized, and some suggestions are put forward based on management and practical experience. The research result could provide reference for improving the ability of administration and management of flood control and emergency disposal of hydropower dams.

关键词

水电站大坝 / 极端气候 / 超标准洪水 / 防汛管理 / 应急管理

Key words

hydropower dams / extreme climate / super standard flood / flood control management / emergency management

Author summay

张凤山(1992—), 男, 工程师, 硕士, 主要从事大坝安全防汛、应急管理研究。E-mail: [e-mail]