山区河流洪水位计算方法的研究及应用：以略阳县嘉陵江河道拓宽工程为例

Research and application of flood level calculation methods for mountain rivers: A case study of the Jialing River Channel Widening Project in Lueyang County

摘要

山区性河流因其蜿蜒变化的平面、高低起伏的河床与陡涨陡落的洪水，面临着诸多治理难题，尤其是如何较为精确计算洪水水面线成果并为防洪治理方案提供可靠支撑，需要不断探索总结。基于“上拦、中分中扩、下排”的县城防洪方略，围绕略阳县嘉陵江河道拓宽工程，在运用传统能量守恒方程计算洪水位的同时，又采用了数值模拟、河工试验等方法进行复核，用于分析各个拟定方案对设计标准洪水位的削减能力，最终确定了安全可靠、经济合理的推荐方案，打通了因行洪不畅造成壅水倒灌的关键卡口，将县城防洪能力提升由不足10a一遇提升至防御嘉陵江干流15a一遇洪水标准。多种方法的联合运用不仅为略阳县防洪工程治理设计提供了技术支撑，也对其他具有相似特点的山区性城市防洪治理具有一定的参考价值。

Abstract

Mountainous rivers, with their meandering and variable planes, undulating riverbeds, and rapidly rising and falling floodwaters, face numerous governance challenges. Particularly, there is a continuous need to explore and summarize method for more accurately calculating flood water surface lines and providing reliable support for flood control management strategies. Based on the county flood control strategy of "blocking upstream, dividing and expanding midstream, and draining downstream", and focusing on the Jialing River channel widening project in Lueyang County, traditional energy conservation equations were used to calculate flood water levels. Additionally, numerical simulations and river engineering experiments were employed for verification. These method were used to analyze the capacity of various proposed schemes to reduce the design standard flood levels. Ultimately, a safe, reliable, and economically reasonable recommended scheme was determined. This scheme addressed the key bottleneck caused by poor flood discharge, which led to backwater flooding, and enhanced the county's flood control capability from less than a 10-year flood event to withstanding a 15-year flood event in the main stream of the Jialing River. The combined use of multiple method not only provided technical support for the design of flood control engineering in Lueyang County but also offered valuable references for flood control management in other mountainous cities with similar characteristics.

关键词

山区河流 / 洪水位削减 / 河道拓宽 / 数值模拟 / 河工试验 / 联合运用

Key words

mountain rivers / flood level reduction / river channel widening / numerical simulation / river engineering experiments / combined application

Author summay

潘文学(1977—), 男, 高级工程师, 硕士, 主要从事水资源研究和流域规划等工作。E-mail: [e-mail]

基金资助

陕西省水利科技计划项目(2018slkj-3)