基于海底原位沉积物快速固化的海上风机基础冲刷防护方法研究

Study on scour protection method for offshore wind turbine foundations based on rapid consolidation of in-situ seabed sediments

摘要

随着全球对清洁能源需求的不断增长，海上风电作为一种可持续的绿色能源，正经历着迅猛的发展。然而，海洋浪流的作用使得单桩基础周围容易发生冲刷灾害。冲刷对桩基的承载能力造成显著影响，为确保上部结构的安全运行，必须采取有效的防护措施来应对冲刷问题。但目前的冲刷防护方法存在防护失效、防护不彻底或施工工艺复杂等问题，无法实现海上风机基础冲刷的长久有效防护。因此，通过宏微观结合的方法，分别开展了微观土力学及宏观冲刷模型试验研究，具体结论如下：根据微观试验研究发现，固化剂与水、土的水化产物是实现海底沉积物胶结固化的主要原因，当灰土比1∶1、水固比0.3及水玻璃比混合液0.3时，在5 min内即可实现水下固化，与前人研究需2 h、24 d、72 d养护时间相比，极大的缩短了海上风电水下冲刷防护的时间。根据冲刷试验发现，此比例下的固化土能够有效抵抗水流的冲刷，能够降低80%的冲刷深度，具有显著的冲刷防护效果。综上所述，提出了一种基于快速固化海底原位沉积物的冲刷防护方法，为实现海上风机基础的冲刷灾害治理提供工程参考。

Abstract

With the growing global demand for clean energy, offshore wind power is rapidly developing as a sustainable and green energy source. However, the action of ocean waves and currents makes the area surrounding monopile foundations highly susceptible to scour, which significantly undermines the bearing capacity of the foundation piles. To ensure the safe operation of the superstructure, effective scour protection measures are essential. Nevertheless, existing protection method often suffer from failures, incomplete coverage, or complex construction procedures, making it difficult to achieve long-term and reliable scour protection for offshore wind turbine foundations.This study combines both micro-scale soil mechanics experiments and macro-scale scour model tests to address this issue. The micro-scale experiments revealed that the hydration products generated from the interaction of curing agents with water and soil are the key mechanisms enabling the cementation and solidification of seabed sediments. When the cement-soil ratio is 1∶1, the water-solid ratio is 0.3, and the sodium silicate content is 0.3 of the mixture, underwater solidification can be achieved within 5 minutes—dramatically shortening the curing time compared to previous studies requiring 2 hours, 24 days, or even 72 days.Furthermore, scour tests demonstrated that the solidified soil under these conditions can effectively resist water flow, reducing scour depth by up to 80%, thus providing significant protective effects. In conclusion, this paper proposes a rapid in-situ seabed sediment solidification method for scour protection, offering an engineering reference for the mitigation of scour hazards in offshore wind turbine foundations.

关键词

海上风机基础 / 冲刷防护 / 快速固化 / 沉积物固化

Key words

offshore wind turbine foundations / scour protection / rapid curing / sediment solidification

Author summay

张 平(1985—), 男, 高级工程师, 副主任工程师, 硕士, 主要从事水工结构、海工结构研究。E-mail: [e-mail]

基金资助

山东电力工程咨询院有限公司技术服务项目(37-2024-21-K0001)