缺水地区粮食作物灌溉用水量精细化核算方法与应用

Refined accounting method for irrigation water use of food crops in water-scarce regions and its application

摘要

为精细量化缺水地区粮食作物非充分灌溉用水量，提出从作物自身生长用水需求及灌溉发生的物理机制和过程出发，考虑响应降水的非充分灌溉模式动态变化，确定关键生育期不同降水条件下作物灌溉净定额，结合不同灌溉方式灌溉水利用系数和灌溉面积的识别，建立核算作物灌溉用水量的方法框架，并以青岛市小麦为例，计算了其2011—2022年的灌溉用水量。结果显示，2011—2022年青岛市小麦多年平均灌溉净定额为1035 m³/hm²,年际波动较大；多年平均灌溉用水量为2.07亿m³,时间上总体呈现先减少后增加趋势，空间上平度市小麦灌溉用水量最多，城阳区最少；多年平均灌溉毛定额为1575 m³/hm²,相同保证率下本次计算值约为《山东省农业用水定额》标准的70%,平度市、莱西市的毛定额较大。生育期降水、供水条件是影响青岛市小麦灌溉用水量、定额的主要因素，研究成果可为研究区用水统计复核、灌溉用水管理提供参考依据。

Abstract

To precisely quantify deficit irrigation water use for food crops in water-scarce areas, this study proposes a method ological framework that starts from the crop's intrinsic growth water requirements and the physical mechanisms of irrigation process. It accounts for the dynamic variation of deficit irrigation patterns in response to precipitation, determines the net irrigation water use quota under different precipitation conditions during key growth stages, and incorporates the analysis of irrigation water use efficiency coefficients and cultivated areas across different irrigation method. This framework was applied to wheat in Qingdao City to calculate its irrigation water use from 2011 to 2022. The result show that the multi-year average net irrigation water use quota for wheat in Qingdao was 1 035 m³/hm²(2011-2022), with significant interannual fluctuations; the average annual irrigation water use was 207 million m³, exhibiting an initial decline followed by an increasing trend over time. Pingdu recorded the highest water use, while Chengyang had the lowest; the multi-year average gross irrigation water use quota was 1 575 m³/hm², which were approximately 70% of the local agricultural water demand quota standard. Pingdu and Laixi City showed higher gross water use quota. The findings indicate that precipitation during growth stages and water supply conditions are the primary factors influencing wheat irrigation water use in Qingdao. These result can serve as a reference for water use statistics verification and irrigation management in the study area.

关键词

灌溉用水量 / 非充分灌溉 / 精细化核算 / 缺水地区 / 粮食作物

Key words

irrigation water use / insufficient irrigation / refined accounting method / water-scarce regions / food crops

Author summay

郭梦瑶(2001—), 女, 硕士研究生, 主要从事水资源配置、管理研究。E-mail: [e-mail]

基金资助

国家重点研发计划课题(2022YFC3204601)

国家自然科学基金项目(52079143)

国家自然科学基金项目(51609261)