综合理解城市老旧社区洪涝灾害韧性的关键特征与分析框架

Comprehensive understanding of key characteristics and analytical framework of flood disaster resilience in urban old communities

摘要

【目的】气候变化背景下极端暴雨事件日益频繁,城市老旧社区面临洪涝灾害的挑战愈发严峻。城市老旧社区由于基础设施老化、建筑防灾等级低和规划设计不合理,其防灾韧性普遍较弱。因此,提高城市老旧社区洪涝灾害韧性已成为我国防灾减灾工作的重中之重。【方法】首先阐述了城市老旧社区与洪涝灾害韧性的概念,并从制度、技术、空间、组织和社会层面概述了老旧社区的特征。接着,从韧性治理要素、协同治理要素、空间治理要素、治理要素的互动机理、治理要素与韧性的学理联系这五个方面阐述了城市老旧社区洪涝灾害韧性的基本思路。再次,界定了城市老旧社区的韧性维度:制度韧性、组织韧性、社会韧性、技术韧性、基础设施韧性。最后,构建了城市老旧社区洪涝灾害韧性分析框架,建立其与韧性各维度之间的联系。【结果】城市老旧社区洪涝灾害韧性分析框架主要由治理理念、治理体系和治理能力三大部分组成:以韧性治理、协同治理和空间治理作为治理理念,治理体系包括领导体制、运行机制和治理制度,治理能力包括现代科技支撑保障能力、领导干部驾驭风险能力和社会组织动员能力。【结论】该分析框架为城市老旧社区洪涝灾害治理提供了系统的理论支撑与实践路径,有助于丰富和完善治理理论体系,拓展洪涝灾害韧性的研究视角,提升城市老旧社区的灾害防范能力,为其他城市老旧社区转变洪涝治理理念与方法、提高洪涝灾害韧性提供借鉴。

Abstract

[Objective] In the context of climate change, extreme rainstorms occur with increasing frequency, posing growing challenges of flood disasters in urban old communities. Due to deteriorating infrastructure, low disaster resistance of buildings,and unreasonable planning and design, urban old communities generally exhibit weak disaster resilience. Therefore, enhancing the flood disaster resilience of urban old communities has become a top priority in China' s disaster prevention and mitigation efforts. [Methods] First, the understanding of urban old communities and flood disaster resilience was elaborated, and the characteristics of such communities were summarized from institutional, technical, spatial, organizational, and social dimensions. Then, the basic approach to flood disaster resilience in urban old communities was explained from five aspects:resilience governance elements, collaborative governance elements, spatial governance elements, interactive mechanisms among governance elements, and theoretical linkages between governance elements and resilience. Subsequently, the resilience dimensions of urban old communities were defined: institutional resilience, organizational resilience, social resilience,technological resilience, and infrastructural resilience. Finally, an analytical framework for flood disaster resilience in urban old communities was constructed, and its connections with each resilience dimension were established. [Results] The analytical framework for flood disaster resilience in urban old communities consists of three core components: governance philosophy,governance system, and governance capacity. The governance philosophy included resilience governance, collaborative governance, and spatial governance. The governance system comprised leadership structure, operational mechanisms, and governance institutions. The governance capacity included modern technological support capabilities, risk management abilities of leading officials, and mobilization capacity of social organizations. [Conclusion] This analytical framework provides systematic theoretical support and practical pathways for flood disaster governance in urban old communities. It helps enrich and improve the governance theoretical system, broadens research perspectives on flood disaster resilience, and enhances the disaster prevention capacity of urban old communities. In addition, the framework serves as a reference for other urban old communities to transform their flood disaster governance concepts and method and to enhance their flood disaster resilience.

关键词

社区减灾 / 社区洪涝灾害韧性 / 城市老旧社区 / 应急管理 / 气候变化 / 治理理念 / 城市洪涝 / 制度韧性

Key words

community disaster reduction / community flood disaster resilience / urban old communities / emergency management / climate change / governance philosophy / urban flooding / institutional resilience

基金资助

国家自然科学基金项目(41801064)

北京市社会科学基金青年项目(23GLC047)