基于鱼类栖息需求的生态流量过程研究

周正; 于子铖; 任志雄; 丁洋; 王少飞; 刘哲; 李书芳; 张景洲; 任冲

doi:10.13928/j.cnki.wrahe.2026.01.009

水利水电技术（中英文） ›› 2026, Vol. 57 ›› Issue (1) : 118 -130. DOI: 10.13928/j.cnki.wrahe.2026.01.009

水环境治理与水生态修复专栏

基于鱼类栖息需求的生态流量过程研究

周正 ¹^,² ,
于子铖 ¹^,² ,
任志雄 ³ ,
丁洋 ⁴ ,
王少飞 ³ ,
刘哲 ³ ,
李书芳 ¹^,² ,
张景洲 ¹^,² ,
任冲 ³

作者信息 +

Study on ecological flow processes based on fish habitat requirements

Zheng ZHOU ¹^,² ,
Zicheng YU ¹^,² ,
Zhixiong REN ³ ,
Yang DING ⁴ ,
Shaofei WANG ³ ,
Zhe LIU ³ ,
Shufang LI ¹^,² ,
Jingzhou ZHANG ¹^,² ,
Chong REN ³

Author information +

文章历史 +

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摘要

【目的】为有效解决河流栖息地结构受损、功能退化这一现实问题,【方法】以滹沱河流域灵寿段为研究区,基于现场踏勘、生态监测、文献调研、数值模拟等手段,引入水力单元概念,科学筛选目标鱼类,梳理归纳其水文-地貌栖息需求,定量研判水文变化下不同鱼类关键阶段的栖息地空间分布。【结果】结果表明:不同流量变化下水力单元空间分布差距明显,水力单元多样性指数在200 m³/s时取得最大值,当流量为120 m³/s时,深潭区域面积最大为796 956 m²,当流量为240 m³/s时,急流区域面积最大为1 005 619 m²,以4种目标鱼类栖息需求为导向明确了研究区生态流量过程,在5—6月鱼类产卵集中期生态流量可达200~240 m³/s,越冬期间为80~120 m³/s,索饵期可达120~200 m³/s。【结论】通过对水力单元时空分布的量化分析,统筹考虑关键物种不同生命周期的需求,分期动态确定了受损河流生态流量过程,从而为区域河湖生态复苏提供理论支撑。

Abstract

[Objective] To effectively address the issues of damaged river habitat structure and functional degradation. [Methods] The Lingshou section of the Hutuo River Basin was selected as the study area. Based on field surveys, ecological monitoring, literature research, and numerical simulations, the concept of hydraulic units was introduced. Target fish species were scientifically selected, and their hydrological and geomorphic habitat requirements were systematically summarized. The spatial distribution of habitats for different fish species during key stages under hydrological variations was quantitatively analyzed. [Results] The result revealed significant differences in the spatial distribution of hydraulic units at different flow rates. The hydraulic unit diversity index reached its maximum value at a flow rate of 200 m³/s. When the flow rate was 120 m³/s, the area of deep pools reached a maximum of 796 956 m². At a flow rate of 240 m³/s, the area of rapids reached a maximum of 1 005 619 m². Based on the habitat requirements of four target fish species, the ecological flow process in the study area was determined. During the concentrated spawning period from May to June, the ecological flow ranged from 200 to 240 m³/s. During the overwintering period, it ranged from 80 to 120 m³/s, and during the foraging period, it ranged from 120to 200 m³/s. [Conclusion] Through quantitative analysis of the spatiotemporal distribution of hydraulic units and comprehensive consideration of the needs of key species at different stages of life cycle, the ecological flow process of the damaged river was dynamically determined in stages. The findings provide theoretical support for the ecological restoration of regional rivers and lakes.