富磷流域河流水库总磷滞留特征及其影响因素分析

薄会娟; 董晓华; 魏冲; 章程炎; 陈玲

doi:10.13928/j.cnki.wrahe.2026.01.010

水利水电技术（中英文） ›› 2026, Vol. 57 ›› Issue (1) : 131 -143. DOI: 10.13928/j.cnki.wrahe.2026.01.010

水环境治理与水生态修复专栏

富磷流域河流水库总磷滞留特征及其影响因素分析

薄会娟 ¹^,² ,
董晓华 ²^,³ ,
魏冲 ²^,³ ,
章程炎 ⁴ ,
陈玲 ²^,³

作者信息 +

Total phosphorus retention characteristics and influencing factors in rivers and reservoirs of phosphorus-rich watersheds

Huijuan BO ¹^,² ,
Xiaohua DONG ²^,³ ,
Chong WEI ²^,³ ,
Chengyan ZHANG ⁴ ,
Ling CHEN ²^,³

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摘要

【目的】磷滞留对河流和水库系统,尤其是富磷水库流域的生态环境安全影响很大。【方法】通过构建SWAT模型,分析了黄柏河上游玄庙观水库流域2014—2018年河流总磷(TP)的滞留量和滞留率时空分布格局,并采用冗余分析对影响因素进行定性分析。【结果】结果显示:(1)SWAT模型能很好地模拟磷矿开采区的TP负荷,率定期和验证期的NSE分别是0.86和0.82, PBIAS分别是12.54%和13.42%, R²分别是0.88和0.82, RSR分别是0.37和0.42。(2)多年尺度上,水库的滞留率(53.72%)要大于河流的滞留率(最大值38.11%),支流的滞留率(18.88%)要大于干流的滞留率(8.46%)。而随着时间尺度的变小(年或月尺度),滞留过程变化较大,甚至会呈现“源”效应。(3)河流滞留率和滞留量与坡长呈显著正相关;水库月尺度滞留率与入库流量和出入库流量比呈显著正相关。【结论】结果表明:磷矿开采流域大量的磷流失会滞留在河流水库系统中,特定条件下会成为新的磷源,应采取措施应对内源污染。研究结果可为富磷流域的磷污染防治提供参考。

Abstract

[Objective] Phosphorus retention has a significant impact on the environmental security of river and reservoir systems,especially in phosphorus-rich reservoir watersheds. [Methods] The Soil and Water Assessment Tool( SWAT) model was employed to analyze the spatiotemporal distribution patterns of river total phosphorus(TP) retention volumes and retention rates in the Xuanmiaoguan reservoir watershed, located in the upper reaches of the Huangbai River, from 2014 to 2018. Redundancy analysis(RDA) was conducted to perform qualitative analysis of the influencing factors. [Results] The result showed that:(1)the SWAT model effectively simulated TP loads in the phosphate mining area. It achieved Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency(NSE) values of 0. 86 and 0. 82, Percent Bias(PBIAS) of 12. 54% and 13. 42%, Coefficient of Determination(R²) values of 0. 88 and 0. 82,and Ratio of Root Mean Square Error to Standard Deviation(RSR) values of 0. 37 and 0. 42 during the calibration and validation periods, respectively.(2) On multi-year scales, the retention rate of the reservoir(53. 72%) was higher than that of the river(maximum 38. 11%), while the retention rate of tributaries(18. 88%) exceeded that of the main stream(8. 46%). However,at smaller time scales( annual or monthly), the retention process exhibited considerable variability and may even exhibit a “source” effect under certain conditions.(3) Both river retention rates and volumes showed significant positive correlations with slope length, while the monthly reservoir retention rates were positively correlated with inflow volumes and inflow-to-outflow ratios. [Conclusion] The result indicate that a large amount of phosphorus loss from phosphate mining watersheds tends to be retained within river and reservoir systems, which may serve as a new phosphorus source under specific conditions. Measures should be implemented to mitigate internal phosphorus pollution. These research findings provide valuable references for phosphorus pollution control in phosphorus-rich watersheds.