基于FBG的长距离隧洞自动化监测

FBG-based automated monitoring of long-distance tunnels

摘要

【目的】长距离隧洞工程在现代基础设施建设中占据重要地位,开展隧洞监测对确保其安全性和可靠性至关重要。传统电测方法因供电、数据采集和远距离传输等问题,在长距离隧洞监测中面临挑战。为解决长距离隧洞监测数据传输的难题,【方法】提出了一套基于光纤布拉格光栅(Fiber Bragg Grating, FBG)的长距离隧洞多源数据自动化监测与传输方案。该方案构建了包含感知层、传输层和应用层的集成化监测系统架构,利用5 G网络技术和云平台实现了变形、渗压及锚杆应力等数据的自动化传输、存储、统计和分析,达到了高效的数据处理和实时监测的目的。将所提方案应用于中国湖南某隧洞工程,完成了长度超过20 km隧洞的连续监测,验证了FBG技术在长距离数据传输方面的稳定性和可行性。【结果】监测结果显示:光纤监测数据与电测数据在各监测阶段的均值相近,二者在位移、渗压和锚杆应力监测方面的最小相对误差分别为0.46%、3.23%和2.37%。【结论】4个多月的监测结果表明,光纤传感技术能够稳定获取并传输大量满足精度要求的监测数据。此外,两者监测数据量值接近,变化规律一致,表明光纤监测结果具有较好可靠性。所提FBG感测技术方案为长距离隧洞的安全监测提供了一种可行的新思路。

Abstract

[Objective] Long-distance tunnel engineering plays a critical role in modern infrastructure construction, where tunnel monitoring is essential to ensure safety and reliability. Traditional electrical measurement method face challenges in long-distance tunnel monitoring due to power supply constraints, data acquisition limitations, and signal attenuation over extended transmission distances. [Methods] To address these challenges, a fiber Bragg grating(FBG)-based automated multi-source monitoring and transmission scheme was proposed. An integrated monitoring system architecture was constructed, comprising perception,transmission, and application layers. Automated transmission, storage, statistical analysis, and visualization of deformation,seepage pressure, and bolt stress data were achieved through 5 G network technology and cloud platforms, enabling efficient data processing and real-time monitoring. The proposed scheme was applied to a tunnel project in Hunan, China, achieving continuous monitoring over 20 km, which validated the stability and feasibility of FBG technology in long-distance data transmission. [Results] Monitoring result indicated that fiber-optic and electrical measurements exhibited closely aligned mean values across monitoring phases, with minimum relative errors of 0. 46%, 3. 23%, and 2. 37% in displacement, seepage pressure, and bolt stress monitoring, respectively. [Conclusion] Over four months of monitoring demonstrated that fiber-optic sensing technology stably acquired and transmitted large volumes of data meeting accuracy requirements. Additionally, the proximity in data magnitudes and consistency in variation patterns between the two method confirmed the reliability of fiber-optic monitoring. The proposed FBG-based sensing scheme offers a viable new approach for safety monitoring in long-distance tunnel engineering.

关键词

FBG / 隧洞监测 / 数据长距离传输 / 多源数据 / 自动化监测 / 变形 / 长距离隧道

Key words

FBG / tunnel monitoring / long distance data transmission / multi-source data / automated monitoring / deformation / long distance tunnels

基金资助

国家自然科学基金项目(52179105)

犬木塘水库工程科技创新资助项目