双馈变速抽水蓄能机组的反步滑模控制

Backstepping sliding mode control of doubly-fed variable-speed pumped storage units

摘要

【目的】双馈变速抽水蓄能机组在提升新能源消纳能力和增强电网稳定性方面具有重要应用价值。然而，其复杂的机电耦合特性仍然带来显著的技术挑战。为有效平抑风光发电功率波动，需要构建融合机电动态分析、功率解耦机制与快速响应控制的变速抽水蓄能系统。【方法】滑模控制作为一种适用于时变非线性系统的有效控制方法，在变速抽水蓄能系统中展现出良好的控制性能，但其固有的抖振问题仍然影响系统的调节精度。为此，本研究提出了一种基于反步法的滑模控制策略，通过调节双馈电机网侧和机侧变流器的功率传输，有效抑制系统抖振并实现功率解耦控制。相较于传统滑模控制，该方法在典型稳态工况、快速功率变化、参数变化以及风电-抽水蓄能混合系统四种场景下进行了仿真验证。【结果】结果表明，在快速功率变化、参数变化和风电-抽水蓄能混合系统三种场景下，反步滑模控制能够稳定跟踪功率变化，而传统滑模控制分别在51.154 7 s、38.438 4 s和10 s后失去功率跟踪能力。【结论】与传统滑模控制相比，反步滑模控制具有更快的功率响应速度、更强的鲁棒性和更好的稳定性。

Abstract

[Objective] Doubly-fed variable-speed pumped storage units have significant value in enhancing the consumption capacity of renewable energy and improving grid stability. However, their complex electromechanical coupling characteristics still pose notable technical challenges. To effectively mitigate power fluctuations from wind and solar power generation, it is necessary to develop a variable-speed pumped storage system that integrates electromechanical dynamic analysis, power decoupling mechanisms, and fast-response control. [Methods] Sliding mode control, as an effective control method for time-varying nonlinear systems, exhibits good control performance in variable-speed pumped storage systems, but its inherent chattering issue still affects system regulation accuracy. To address the issue, a backstepping sliding mode control strategy was proposed, which effectively suppressed system chattering and achieved power decoupling control by regulating power transmission between the grid-side and rotor-side converters of the doubly-fed induction generator. Compared with conventional sliding mode control, the proposed approach was validated through simulations under four scenarios: typical steady-state condition, rapid power variation, parameter variation, and wind power-pumped storage hybrid system. [Results] The result showed that under the three scenarios of rapid power variation, parameter variation, and wind power-pumped storage hybrid systems, backstepping sliding mode control could stably track power variations, while traditional sliding mode control lost power tracking capability after 51.154 7 s, 38.438 4 s, and 10 s, respectively. [Conclusion] Compared with traditional sliding mode control, backstepping sliding mode control demonstrates faster power response speed, stronger robustness, and better stability.

关键词

变速抽水蓄能 / 双馈电机 / 反步滑模控制 / 影响因素 / 电网稳定性 / 新能源消纳能力 / 风电

Key words

variable-speed pumped storage / doubly-fed induction generator / backstepping sliding mode control / influencing factors / grid stability / consumption capacity of renewable energy / wind power generation

基金资助

国家自然科学基金项目(62176189)

湖北省科技计划项目重点研发专项(2024BAB032)