太阳辐射对特高拱坝坝体温度及应力影响研究

程正飞; 黄浩东; 欧阳建树; 刘科; 李明; 何伟

doi:10.13928/j.cnki.wrahe.2026.02.014

水利水电技术（中英文） ›› 2026, Vol. 57 ›› Issue (2) : 186 -196. DOI: 10.13928/j.cnki.wrahe.2026.02.014

水工建筑

太阳辐射对特高拱坝坝体温度及应力影响研究

程正飞 ¹ ,
黄浩东 ² ,
欧阳建树 ²^,³ ,
刘科 ⁴ ,
李明 ²^,⁵ ,
何伟 ¹

作者信息 +

Study on temperature and stress distribution characteristics of super high arch dam under solar radiation

Zhengfei CHENG ¹ ,
Haodong HUANG ² ,
Jianshu OUYANG ²^,³ ,
Ke LIU ⁴ ,
Ming LI ²^,⁵ ,
Wei HE ¹

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文章历史 +

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摘要

【目的】研究太阳辐射作用下特高拱坝的温度及应力场分布特点及影响机制，对拱坝运行期混凝土温控防裂具有重要意义。【方法】首先提出遮蔽作用下太阳辐射等效计算方法；其次，基于乌东德拱坝工程实例，考虑云、地形和保温材料的遮蔽作用，将坝面太阳辐射等效为局部气温增量，模拟预测拱坝长期温度、应力场变化。【结果】分析结果显示，太阳辐射作用下坝面温度最大升高2~5℃,局部第一主应力提升0.5 MPa,拱坝坝面因吸收太阳辐射而产生整体性温升并在坝面附近产生一定的温度梯度。拱坝下游左岸受遮蔽作用影响较小，温度场和应力场整体高于右岸。【结论】遮蔽作用下抵达坝体表面的太阳辐射总量有所减少，但增大了坝面温度分布差异；建议通过实施分区防护策略，避免因太阳辐射分布不均而导致坝面开裂。研究成果揭示了太阳辐射作用下乌东德拱坝温度场、应力场的演化规律，为大坝长期安全运行提供理论依据。

Abstract

[Objective] Researching on the temperature and stress field distribution characteristics as well as mechanisms of super high arch dams under the influence of solar radiation is of great significance for crack prevention in concrete during the operation period. [Methods] An equivalent calculation method was proposed for solar radiation considering shading effects. Taking the Wudongde arch dam as a case study, the study simulates and predicts long-term temperature and stress field variations by equivalently converting solar radiation on dam surfaces into local temperature increments, while accounting for shading effects from clouds, terrain, and insulation materials. [Results] The analytical result demonstrate that under solar radiation, the dam surface temperature increases by 2~5℃ with localized first principal stress elevation of 0.5 MPa. The arch dam surface undergoes integrated temperature rise due to solar radiation absorption, generating discernible temperature gradients near the surface. The left bank downstream surface experiences lesser shading effects, maintaining generally higher temperature and stress fields compared to the right bank. [Conclusion] Although shading reduces total solar radiation reaching the dam surface, it amplifies temperature distribution disparities. Implementing zonal protection strategies is recommended to prevent dam surface cracking caused by non-uniform solar radiation distribution. By elucidating the evolutionary patterns of temperature and stress fields in Wudongde arch dam under solar radiation, the findings establish theoretical foundations for long-term operational safety and provide maintenance references for similar hydraulic projects.