基于FLOW-3D的滩坑水电站下泄水温改善效果模拟分析

孙彤; 鱼京善; 干建丽; 李占杰; 岳启蒙; 张皓天; 许虎; 徐淑高; 李爽; 杨陟扬

doi:10.13928/j.cnki.wrahe.2026.02.016

水利水电技术（中英文） ›› 2026, Vol. 57 ›› Issue (2) : 210 -223. DOI: 10.13928/j.cnki.wrahe.2026.02.016

水环境与水生态

基于FLOW-3D的滩坑水电站下泄水温改善效果模拟分析

孙彤 ¹^,² ,
鱼京善 ¹^,² ,
干建丽 ³ ,
李占杰 ¹^,² ,
岳启蒙 ¹^,² ,
张皓天 ¹^,² ,
许虎 ¹^,² ,
徐淑高 ¹^,² ,
李爽 ¹^,² ,
杨陟扬 ¹^,²

作者信息 +

Simulation analysis of the improvement effect on downstream water temperature at tankeng hydropower station based on FLOW-3D

Tong SUN ¹^,² ,
Jingshan YU ¹^,² ,
Jianli GAN ³ ,
Zhanjie LI ¹^,² ,
Qimeng YUE ¹^,² ,
Haotian ZHANG ¹^,² ,
Hu XU ¹^,² ,
Shugao XU ¹^,² ,
Shuang LI ¹^,² ,
Zhiyang YANG ¹^,²

Author information +

文章历史 +

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摘要

【目的】滩坑水电站建成运行后，库区水温分层结构和下游河道水温时空分布均发生显著改变。为优化水库调度策略、缓解低温水下泄对河道生态系统的影响，亟需明晰水库运行要素与下泄水温的响应关系，并量化评估调控措施的改善效果。【方法】以滩坑水库为研究对象，基于FLOW-3D模型构建取水口局部三维数值模型，分别模拟春、夏、秋、冬四季不同水位条件、6—8层叠梁门布设层数组合工况下的下泄水温过程，分析其热分层响应规律及调控机理。【结果】结果显示：(1)滩坑水库垂向热分层结构呈现显著季节性分异特征，于3月开始出现水温分层现象，10月基本消失，受叠梁门影响，垂向水温主要温差集中在水深25 m范围内。(2)强分层季节(春、夏、秋),水位对水温的作用分别为0.1~0.2℃/m、0.1~0.5℃/m、0.1~0.3℃/m,单层叠梁门对下泄水温的调控范围分别为0.4~0.8℃、1.5~2.3℃、0.6~2.1℃;而在弱分层季节(冬),单位水位和叠梁门对下泄水温的影响分别在0.1℃和0.3℃以下。(3)叠梁门设置在温跃层以下时，取水温度较低，春、夏、秋、冬季节增设一层叠梁门，可使下泄水温分别提升0.7℃、2.2℃、1.8℃、0.2℃。【结论】结果表明：在强分层期，叠梁门通过控制取水深度，对下泄水温的改善效果显著优于单一水位调控措施，且其设置在温跃层上时调控效果更优；而在热分层较弱的季节，两类措施的调控作用均显著减弱，这与垂向水温梯度趋平直接相关。基于此，建议在水库运行调度时，结合季节性温跃层变化，合理安排水库蓄水和叠梁门布设，保证在温跃层以上取水。

Abstract

[Objective] After the completion and operation of the Tankeng Hydropower Station, significant changes have occurred in the water temperature stratification structure of the reservoir area and the spatio-temporal distribution of the water temperature in the downstream river. To optimize the reservoir operation strategy and mitigate the impact of low-temperature water discharge on the river ecosystem, it is urgent to clarify the response relationship between reservoir operation factors and the discharged water temperature, and quantitatively evaluate the improvement effect of regulatory measures. [Methods] Taking the Tankeng Reservoir as the research object, a local three-dimensional numerical model of the water intake was constructed based on the FLOW-3D model. The discharged water temperature processes under different water level conditions in spring, summer, autumn and winter, and the combination of 6~8 layers of stop-log gates were simulated respectively. The response law of thermal stratification and the regulation mechanism were analyzed. [Results] The results show that:(1) The vertical thermal stratification structure of the Tankeng Reservoir presents significant seasonal differentiation characteristics. The water temperature stratification phenomenon begins to appear in March and basically disappears in October. Affected by the stop-log gates, the main vertical water temperature difference is concentrated within a water depth of 25 m.(2) In the strong stratification seasons(spring, summer, autumn), the effects of water level on water temperature are 0.1~0.2 ℃/m, 0.1~0.5 ℃/m, and 0.1~0.3 ℃/m respectively. The regulation ranges of a single-layer stop-log gate on the discharged water temperature are 0.4~0.8 ℃, 1.5~2.3 ℃, and 0.6~2.1 ℃ respectively. In the weak stratification season(winter), the impacts of unit water level and stop-log gate on the discharged water temperature are below 0.1 ℃ and 0.3 ℃ respectively.(3) When the stop-log gate is set below the thermocline, the intake water temperature is low. Adding one more layer of stop-log gate in spring, summer, autumn and winter can increase the discharged water temperature by 0.7 ℃, 2.2 ℃, 1.8 ℃ and 0.2 ℃ respectively. [Conclusion] The results indicate that during the strong stratification period, the stop-log gate can significantly improve the discharged water temperature by controlling the intake water depth, which is better than the single water-level regulation measure, and the regulation effect is better when it is set above the thermocline. In the seasons with weak thermal stratification, the regulation effects of both measures are significantly weakened, which is directly related to the flattening of the vertical water temperature gradient. Therefore, it is recommended that during the reservoir operation and regulation, the reservoir storage and the arrangement of stop-log gates should be reasonably planned in combination with the seasonal changes of the thermocline to ensure water intake above the thermocline.

关键词

FLOW-3D / 取水口局部 / 叠梁门 / 水位 / 下泄水温 / 影响因素 / 水电站 / 时空分布

Key words

FLOW-3D / local part of the water intake / stop-log gate / water level / discharged water temperature / influencing factors / hydropower station / spatiotemporal distribution