基于熵产的发电进水口无级分层取水能量损失研究

戚加欢; 刘珂; 王兴恩; 赵建平; 李君

doi:10.13928/j.cnki.wrahe.2026.03.015

水利水电技术（中英文） ›› 2026, Vol. 57 ›› Issue (3) : 208 -224. DOI: 10.13928/j.cnki.wrahe.2026.03.015

水力学

基于熵产的发电进水口无级分层取水能量损失研究

戚加欢 ¹ ,
刘珂 ¹ ,
王兴恩 ² ,
赵建平 ¹ ,
李君 ¹

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Study on energy loss of stepless stratified water intake at power generation inlets based on entropy production

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摘要

【目的】针对无级分层取水系统中门叶组合与取水层位变化引发的局部流态扰动难以通过传统水头损失方法定量表征的问题，探究其复杂结构条件下的耗散特性及空间分布规律，为复杂水工结构条件下能量损失的识别与优化提供方法支撑。【方法】基于熵产理论构建分项能耗分析框架，在1∶20物理模型试验验证的基础上，利用三维数值模拟量化分析典型工况下进水口系统的黏性耗散(EPDD)、湍流耗散(EPTD)和壁面摩擦耗散(EPWS)。【结果】结果表明：系统总熵产随取水层位上移而提高，高位取水引发跌落冲击与竖井流动重构，竖井段为主要耗散区，系统最大熵产达2 800.468 W·K^-1;无级分层取水装置本体在不同工况下熵产贡献占比均低于8%,显示出良好的水力稳定性；湍流耗散(EPTD)为主导耗散机制，在各工况中熵产占比均超98%;局部高耗散区主要集中于门叶—横撑交界区、竖井跌落区与管道入口区。【结论】熵产理论能够有效揭示复杂水工结构中能量损失的空间分布与成因，较传统水头损失法具备更高的诊断深度与优化指导价值。本研究明确了无级分层取水系统结构扰动与能耗分布的对应关系，为系统的结构优化与运行调度提供了理论支撑，对提升系统能效与运行安全具有重要意义。

Abstract

[Objective] Local flow disturbances caused by changes in gate leaf combinations and water intake layers in stepless stratified water intake systems are difficult to quantitatively characterize using traditional head loss methods. To address this challenge, their dissipation characteristics and spatial distribution patterns under complex structural conditions are investigated, thereby providing methodological support for the identification and optimization of energy losses under complex hydraulic structures. [Methods] Based on the entropy production theory, an analytical framework for sub-item energy consumption was constructed. On the basis of verification through a 1∶20 physical model test, three-dimensional numerical simulation was used to quantitatively analyze the viscous dissipation(EPDD), turbulent dissipation(EPTD), and wall friction dissipation(EPWS) of the inlet system under typical operating conditions. [Results] The results showed that the total entropy production of the system increased with the upward movement of the water intake layer. High-level water intake triggered drop impact and shaft flow reconstruction. The shaft section was the main dissipation zone, and the maximum entropy production of the system reached 2 800.468 W·K^-1. The entropy production contribution of the stepless stratified water intake device remained below 8% under different operating conditions, indicating good hydraulic stability. EPTD was the dominant dissipation mechanism, accounting for more than 98% of the entropy production in all operating conditions. Local high-dissipation regions were mainly concentrated in the gate leaf-cross brace junction, shaft drop zone, and pipeline inlet region. [Conclusion] Entropy production theory can effectively reveal the spatial distribution and underlying causes of energy loss in complex hydraulic structures, offering greater diagnostic depth and optimization guidance than traditional head loss methods. The findings clarify the relationship between structural disturbances and energy consumption distribution in stepless stratified water intake systems, providing theoretical support for system structural optimization and operational scheduling and holding significant implications for improving system energy efficiency and operational safety.