“双碳”目标下城市地热能开发利用研究现状与展望

Research status and prospects of urban geothermal energy development and utilization under dual-carbon goals

摘要

【目的】系统梳理城市地热能开发利用关键问题、研究现状与框架对推动城市能源结构转型和碳减排具有重要意义。【方法】在深入总结城市地热能研究现状基础上，基于城市地热能与碳排放互馈机理，指出了城市地热能开发利用面临的关键问题，并提出了未来的研究框架和主要方向。【结果】主要结果如下：(1)现有研究主要集中在地热流体成因、地热资源评估、关键技术突破、开发利用风险等方面，而针对城市复杂空间结构与人居环境耦合下的地热研究仍存在明显不足；(2)城市地热能开发利用面临城市空间异质性与其复合结构特征、地热井施工潜在风险、碳核算体系缺失与评估机制不健全、管理机制缺位与技术瓶颈、智能管理平台建设滞后等问题，制约了地热资源高效开发利用；(3)未来应以“资源勘探-综合评价-资源开发-系统搭建-能源利用-智慧管理”逻辑主线，重点从勘探技术、开发策略、评估模型、利用模式、监测预警等方面开展研究。【结论】未来应进一步完善地热能开发利用研究体系，在兼顾能源安全和碳减排双重目标的基础上，扩大城市地热能应用覆盖面和提高地热技术应用效率，提升城市地热能开发对“双碳”目标的贡献度。

Abstract

[Objective] Systematically reviewing the key issues, research status, and framework of urban geothermal energy development and utilization is crucial for promoting the transformation of urban energy structure and carbon emission reduction. [Methods] Building upon an in-depth review of the current research status of urban geothermal energy, the key issues in its development and utilization are highlighted based on the mutual feedback mechanism between urban geothermal energy and carbon emissions, and a future research framework and main directions are proposed. [Results] The main result are as follows:(1) existing research mainly focuses on geothermal fluid genesis, geothermal resource assessment, key technological breakthroughs, and development and utilization risks, while studies on geothermal energy targeting the coupling of complex urban spatial structures and human living environments remain insufficient.(2) Urban geothermal energy development and utilization face issues such as urban spatial heterogeneity and its complex structural characteristics, potential risks in geothermal well construction, lack of carbon accounting systems and incomplete assessment mechanisms, deficient management mechanisms and technological bottlenecks, and delays in the development of intelligent management platforms, all of which restrict the efficient development and utilization of geothermal resources.(3) In the future, research should follow the logical framework of “resource exploration-comprehensive evaluation-resource development-system construction-energy utilization-intelligent management”, with a focus on exploration technologies, development strategies, assessment models, utilization patterns, and monitoring and early warning. [Conclusion] In the future, the research system for geothermal energy development and utilization should be further improved. On the basis of balancing energy security and carbon reduction goals, efforts should be made to expand the applications of urban geothermal energy and enhance the efficiency of geothermal technology application, thereby increasing the contribution of urban geothermal energy development to the dual-carbon goals.

关键词

“双碳”目标 / 城市地热能 / 研究现状 / 互馈机理 / 未来展望 / 智慧管理 / 能源安全 / 影响因素

Key words

dual-carbon goals / urban geothermal energy / current research status / mutual feedback mechanism / future prospects / smart management / energy security / influencing factors

基金资助

国家自然科学基金项目(42471296)

2023 年度国家社科基金重大项目(23&ZD099)

自然资源部碳中和与国土空间优化重点实验室开放基金项目(CNTO-KFJJ-202307)

2022 年度河南省重大科技专项(211110320200)