基于B-IBI的黔东南州跨界河流水生态健康评价

Assessment of water ecological health of transboundary rivers in Qiandongnan Prefecture based on B-IBI

摘要

【目的】在多流域、多治理单元交汇区域，河流生态系统健康状况更具复杂性，为识别跨界河流生态退化的关键因素，厘清流域环境与人类干扰的综合影响机制，亟需对现有河流进行健康评价。【方法】基于贵州省66条跨界河流底栖动物数据，构建区域适应性B-IBI评价体系，并从中筛选26条典型河流，借助双因素方差分析与冗余分析(RDA)解释黔东南州跨界河流群落结构的影响因素。【结果】结果显示：大型底栖无脊椎动物群落受多重环境因子共同驱动，呈现显著空间差异与类群优势。两大流域共鉴定出4门7纲21目70科108种底栖生物，均以节肢动物为主要优势类群。RDA分析显示，COD_mn、DO、TP及NH₃-N是驱动流域间不同治理单元组合群落结构差异的主要环境因子。其中，“黔东南-遵义”组合生物多样性最高，“黔东南-铜仁”最低。【结论】结果表明：黔东南州跨界河流大型底栖无脊椎动物群落结构和多样性受到流域分异与治理结构的共同调控，建议引入“流域-治理结构”耦合视角，提升治理适应性，为应对生态连通性下降和生境破碎化等生态风险提供理论支持与策略建议。

Abstract

[Objective] In regions where multiple watersheds and multiple governance units intersect, the health status of river ecosystems is more complex. To identify the key factors of ecological degradation in transboundary rivers and to clarify the comprehensive influence mechanism of watershed environment and human disturbances, a health assessment of existing rivers is urgently needed. [Methods] A regional adaptive B-IBI evaluation system was established based on macroinvertebrate data from 66 transboundary rivers in Guizhou Province. From these, 26 representative rivers were selected. Two-way analysis of variance and redundancy analysis(RDA) were applied to determine the influencing factors of community structure in the transboundary rivers of Qiandongnan Prefecture. [Results] The result showed that the communities of large benthic macroinvertebrates were jointly driven by multiple environmental factors, exhibiting significant spatial differences and group dominance. A total of 108 benthic species belonging to 4 phyla, 7 classes, 21 orders, and 70 families were identified in the two major watersheds, with Arthropoda as the main dominant group. RDA revealed that COD_mn, dissolved oxygen(DO), total phosphorus(TP), and ammonia nitrogen(NH₃-N) were the main environmental factors driving differences in community structure across different governance unit combinations within the watersheds. Among them, the “Qiandongnan-Zunyi” combination exhibited the highest biodiversity, and the “Qiandongnan-Tongren” combination had the lowest. [Conclusion] The findings indicate that the structure and diversity of large benthic macroinvertebrate communities in the transboundary rivers of Qiandongnan Prefecture are jointly regulated by watershed differentiation and governance structure. It is recommended to introduce a “watershed-governance structure” coupling perspective to enhance governance adaptability, providing theoretical support and strategic suggestions for addressing ecological risks such as decreased ecological connectivity and habitat fragmentation.

关键词

底栖生物 / 多治理单元河流 / 生物完整性 / 健康评价 / 流域背景 / 影响因素 / 河流生态退化 / 生态风险

Key words

benthic organisms / multi-governance-unit rivers / biotic integrity / health assessment / watershed background / influencing factors / river ecological degradation / ecological risks

基金资助

国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFC3204200)

国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFC3204204)

国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(52409100)