多目标需求下的南水北调西线工程生态流量研究
Study on ecological flow in Western Route of South-North Water Transfer Project under multi-objective requirements
【目的】生态流量是确定南水北调西线工程可调水量的重要约束，需兼顾下游生态功能维持、水资源利用和调度管理等多方面需求进行综合量化。然而，西线工程中结合不同需求下的生态流量方法优选有待深入研究。【方法】利用调水流域中控制性水文站雅江站与大金站64年的实测水文数据，选择Tennant法、Texas法、年内展布法等十种典型的水文学法计算生态流量，并运用模糊优选法对生态流量的不同需求权重进行水文学法的适宜性评价。【结果】研究结果表明，不同水文学法计算出的生态流量结果面对河道水文节律一致性、下游生态需求保障度、上游可调水度以及长期来流满足度等四个需求时适应性各不相同，根据模糊优选法综合考虑四种需求时，Texas法的适宜性最高。最终推荐雅江站和大金站的年内生态流量过程取值范围分别为64.6~608 m3/s与48.4~491 m3/s。【结论】通过多目标需求下的水文学法适应性评价，完善了西线工程生态流量研究的技术体系，对保障工程生态安全、优化水资源配置及指导后续工程设计与调度管理具有重要的科学参考价值。
[Objective] Ecological flow serves as a fundamental constraint in determining the transferable water volume for the Western Route of the South-North Water Transfer Project, requiring comprehensive quantification that balances multiple requirements such as the maintenance of downstream ecological functions, water resource utilization, and scheduling management. However, the optimal selection of ecological flow method under different requirements in the Western Route Project requires further research. [Methods]64 years of observed hydrological data from two key control stations—Yajiang station and Dajin station—in the water transfer watershed were utilized, and ten typical hydrological method were selected to calculate ecological flow, including the Tennant method, Texas method, and intra-annual distribution method. Additionally, a fuzzy optimization method was applied to evaluate the suitability of these hydrological method for ecological flow under different requirement weights. [Results] The result showed that ecological flow result calculated by different hydrological method exhibited different suitability under four critical requirements: hydrological regime consistency, downstream ecological requirement assurance, upstream water transfer capacity, and long-term inflow satisfaction. When these four requirements were comprehensively evaluated using the fuzzy optimization method, the Texas method demonstrated the highest suitability. Intra-annual ecological flow ranges were recommended at 64.6~608 m3/s for the Yajiang station and 48.4~491 m3/s for the Dajin station. [Conclusion] The suitability assessment of hydrological method under multi-objective requirements has enhanced the technical framework for research on ecological flow in the Western Route Project. It provides important scientific references for ensuring ecological safety, optimizing water resource allocation, and informing subsequent engineering design and scheduling management.
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