流域洪水资源利用研究进展与展望

Research progress and prospects of basin floodwater resource utilization

摘要

【目的】受季风气候影响,我国年内降水时空分布极不均衡,径流年内分配主要集中在汛期,常以洪水形式存在。为保障防洪安全,传统防洪策略中以快速泄洪为主,但过度依赖单一泄洪模式导致大量雨洪资源未能有效蓄存利用,加剧了区域非汛期水资源短缺。此外,洪涝灾害往往与其他区域的干旱事件同时发生,而洪水资源利用不仅可以起到削峰滞洪的作用,还可以缓解降水时空分布不均导致的区域水资源短缺问题。【方法】从洪水资源利用的基本概念和研究方法等方面总结了国内外研究进展,并对跨流域洪水资源利用进行了展望。【结果】具体内容包括:(1)梳理洪水资源利用潜力概念及其评价方法;(2)总结水库及蓄滞洪区洪水资源利用的调控策略;(3)提出区域性和跨流域洪水资源利用途径及研究方向。【结论】通过系统分析洪水资源利用的前沿进展和面临挑战,可为洪水灾害分析与科学管理提供关键理论与方法支撑,对缓解跨区域跨流域水资源供需矛盾,保障区域经济协调发展提供新思路。

Abstract

[Objective] Influenced by the monsoon climate, the spatiotemporal distribution of precipitation within a year in China is extremely uneven. The annual distribution of runoff is mainly concentrated during the flood season and often exists in the form of floods. To ensure flood control safety, traditional flood control strategies mainly rely on rapid flood discharge. However, excessive reliance on a single flood discharge mode has led to a large amount of rain and floodwater resources failing to be effectively stored and utilized, exacerbating the shortage of water resources in the region during the non-flood season. Moreover, flood disasters often occur simultaneously with drought events in other regions. Floodwater resource utilization can not only aid in peak flow reduction and flood retention, but also alleviate regional water shortages caused by the uneven spatiotemporal distribution of precipitation. [Methods] Domestic and international research progress on the fundamental concepts and methodologies of floodwater resource utilization is reviewed, and prospects for inter-basin floodwater resource utilization are explored. [Results] The specific content includes:(1) outlining the concept of floodwater resource utilization potential and its evaluation method;(2) summarizing the regulation strategies for the utilization of floodwater resources in reservoirs and flood detention areas;(3) proposing regional and inter-basin floodwater resource utilization pathways and research directions. [Conclusion] Through a systematic analysis of the frontier advancements and challenges in floodwater resource utilization, the analysis can provide critical theoretical and methodological support for flood disaster analysis and scientific management. It offers new perspectives for alleviating the supply-demand contradiction of water resources across regions and basins, thereby supporting coordinated regional economic development.

关键词

洪水资源利用潜力 / 汛限水位动态控制 / 洪水资源调控方式 / 多目标协同 / 水库群联合调度 / 洪水资源利用途径 / 跨流域洪水调度 / 水网工程

Key words

floodwater resource utilization potential / dynamic control of flood-limited water level / floodwater resource regulation strategies / multi-objective coordination / joint scheduling of reservoir groups / floodwater resource utilization pathways / inter-basin floodwater scheduling / water network projects

基金资助

国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFC3006503)

国家自然科学基金(52279022)