金沙江下游梯级水电开发对圆口铜鱼早期资源影响研究进展（英文）

Research progress on impact of cascade hydropower development in lower Jinsha River on early-life resources of Coreius guichenoti

摘要

【目的】为探究金沙江梯级水电开发对圆口铜鱼(Coreius guichenoti)产卵场分布及其早期资源的影响。【方法】基于文献调研及其中记录的1981年至2023年期间野外调查数据,结合水电工程建设进程,分析了圆口铜鱼产卵规模、早期资源及产卵场的时空变化特征及其驱动因素。【结果】结果表明,现存产卵活动主要分布于平地镇、元谋县及皎平渡等江段,巧家、会东和武定一带仅存零星产卵,总体规模持续缩减。二期工程运行后,巧家、皎平渡和元谋县等产卵场可能进一步消失,产卵区域将向乌东德坝上干支流迁移。受水温、流量、流速及物理阻隔等环境因子的综合影响,圆口铜鱼初次性成熟年龄推迟,繁殖期缩短,产卵次数减少,产卵量和孵化率下降,早期资源量呈逐年衰退趋势。【结论】建议采取生态调度与栖息地替代技术,改善产卵生境条件;加强人工增殖放流与过鱼设施建设,提升繁殖群体数量与遗传多样性,缓解梯级水电开发对圆口铜鱼种群资源的负面影响。

Abstract

[Objective] To investigate the effects of cascade hydropower development in the lower Jinsha River on the distribution of spawning grounds and early-life resources of Coreius guichenoti. [Methods] Based on literature review and field survey data recorded from 1981 to 2023, combined with the progression of hydropower project construction, the spatiotemporal variation characteristics of the spawning scale, early-life resources, and spawning grounds of C.guichenoti and their driving factors were analyzed. [Results] The result showed that current spawning activities were primarily distributed in river reaches including Pingdi Town, Yuanmou County, and Jiaopingdu, with only sporadic spawning remaining in areas such as Qiaojia, Huidong, and Wuding, indicating a continuous reduction in overall scale. Following the operation of the second-phase projects, spawning grounds in Qiaojia, Jiaopingdu, and Yuanmou County may further disappear, and the major spawning grounds were projected to shift towards the tributaries and mainstem upstream of the Wudongde Dam. Under the combined influence of environmental factors such as water temperature, discharge, flow velocity, and physical barriers, the age at first sexual maturity of C.guichenoti was delayed, the reproductive period was shortened, the spawning frequency decreased, and both spawning quantity and hatching rate declined, leading to a year-by-year decreasing trend in early-life resource abundance. [Conclusion] It is recommended to adopt ecological regulation and habitat substitution technologies to improve spawning habitat conditions. Furthermore, artificial proliferation and release should be enhanced, and fish passage facilities should be constructed to enhance the reproductive population size and genetic diversity, thereby mitigating the negative impact of cascade hydropower development on C.guichenoti population resources.

关键词

金沙江下游 / 水电开发 / 梯级电站 / 圆口铜鱼 / 产卵场 / 早期资源 / 物种保护 / 影响因素

Key words

Lower Jinsha River / hydropower development / cascade hydropower stations / Coreius guichenoti / spawning ground / early-life resources / species protection / influencing factors

基金资助

国家重点研发计划(2022YFC3203903)

国家自然科学基金(52179083)

国家自然科学基金(42206214)