月壤颗粒统计参数与形貌参数研究动态分析

Dynamic analysis of research on statistical and morphological parameters of lunar regolith particles

摘要

【目的】为明确月壤的物理力学性质以支撑深空探测和科研站建设,进而揭示月壤颗粒参数与赋存环境的关系以指导模拟月壤制备,【方法】系统梳理了1969年以来历次月壤取样点的环境信息,总结公开发表的月壤矿物组成、颗粒级配、堆积密度、分形维数等指标,分析了典型模拟月壤的原料及制备方法,并围绕模拟月球环境开展了月壤特性研究进展分析。在此基础上,从土力学角度提出模拟月壤制备方法的研究建议和趋向展望。【结果】结果表明:月壤组成中SiO₂含量占45%左右,堆积干密度0.89~1.6 g·cm^-3;颗粒级配以细粒为主且不同取样区域差异明显;形貌参数中分形维数分布于2.28~2.55之间,比表面积在0.40~0.56 m²·g^-1之间;模拟月壤的单一原料研磨筛分法适用于大规模试验,多矿物精准复配法相似度可达85%以上,功能化改性制备法可使抗压强度达3.2~21.52 MPa;模拟月壤试验研究以力学性能测试、生物种植试验、物理效应试验三大主题为主。【结论】月壤核心矿物为斜长石、辉石、橄榄石及钛铁矿,呈“贫碱富铁”特征,且月海与高地样品在矿物组成上存在显著差异;目前的模拟月壤制备可根据不同目标选择对应配置方法,可从矿物成分、物理特性、力学特性三个维度开展模拟月壤有效相似度评价。研究成果可为模拟月壤制备和月壤物理力学性质的研究提供借鉴。

Abstract

[Objective] The physical and mechanical properties of lunar regolith are clarified to support deep-space exploration and the construction of scientific research stations, and to further reveal the relationship between particle parameters of lunar regolith and its occurrence environment to guide the preparation of lunar regolith simulants. [Methods]The environmental information of lunar regolith sampling sites since 1969 was systematically reviewed. The published indicators of lunar regolith, including mineral composition, particle gradation, bulk density, and fractal dimension were summarized. The raw materials and preparation method of typical lunar regolith simulants were analyzed, and research progress on the characteristics of lunar regolith under simulated lunar environments was examined. On this basis, research recommendations and development prospects for preparation method of lunar regolith simulants were proposed from the perspective of soil mechanics. [Results] The result showed that the Si O₂ content in lunar regolith accounted for approximately 45%, and the dry bulk density ranged from 0. 89 to 1. 6 g·cm^-3. The particle gradation was dominated by fine particles, with significant differences among different sampling regions. Among morphological parameters, the fractal dimension ranged from 2. 28 to 2. 55, and the specific surface area ranged from 0. 40 to 0. 56 m²·g^-1. The single-material grinding and sieving method for lunar regolith simulants was suitable for largescale tests. A similarity of more than 85% was achieved by the multi-mineral precise compounding method, and a compressive strength of 3. 2 ~ 21. 52 MPa was obtained via the functional modification preparation method. Experimental studies on lunar regolith simulants focused on three major themes: mechanical property tests, biological planting tests, and physical effect tests. [Conclusion] The dominant minerals of lunar regolith are plagioclase, pyroxene, olivine, and ilmenite, exhibiting “low-alkali and high-iron” characteristics, with significant differences in mineral composition between mare and highland samples. The current preparation of lunar regolith simulants can adopt corresponding method according to different objective, and the effective similarity evaluation of lunar regolith simulants can be conducted from three dimensions: mineral composition, physical properties, and mechanical properties. The findings can provide references for the preparation of lunar regolith simulants and the study of physical and mechanical properties of lunar regolith.

关键词

岩土工程 / 月壤参数 / 模拟月壤 / 相似度 / 模拟月壤测试 / 影响因素 / 土力学 / 分形维数

Key words

geotechnical engineering / lunar regolith parameters / lunar regolith simulant / similarity / lunar regolith simulant testing / influencing factors / soil mechanics / fractal dimension

基金资助

国家自然科学基金项目(52308384)

国家自然科学基金优秀青年科学基金项目(52322810)