面向区县级山地-平原过渡区的数字孪生水利“四预”体系构建与评价

Construction and evaluation of a digital twin water management “four-pre” system for mountain-plain transition zones at district and county levels

摘要

【目的】数字孪生技术目前在大流域及具体点状工程上发挥了重要的应用及实践价值,但在区县级水利设施的“四预”(预报、预警、预演、预案)中仍面临诸多挑战。为解决区县级数字孪生“四预”地理空间数据复杂、数理模型分散以及跨层级调度迟缓等痛点,【方法】以北京市怀柔区为例,基于“基础设施层-数字孪生平台层-智慧应用层”的三层架构,结合区级水利管理特点、信息化现状及山地-平原过渡区地理空间特征,建立了全域差异化监测感知体系,提出了大规模多源数据轻量化融合算法,针对区水务局多部门、多层级的协同需求,构建了跨层级联合调度会商应用框架。为评估研究框架实际效能,采用实例模型加载测试、层次分析法、情景分析法对框架效能进行了定量评价。【结果】结果显示,应用研究框架轻量化算法能显著优化模型性能,渲染负载降低了约83%,通过封装的水文模型库以及协同应用,实现怀柔区水利防灾的“四预”综合能力理论上提升约70%。【结论】结果表明,平台的建设能够提升怀柔区水利设施精准感知水平、智能仿真精度以及协同调度效能,适用于地理环境较复杂、水利设施众多且管理协同多级跨部门的区县级行政单元,可为全国同类案例提供参考。

Abstract

[Objective] Digital twin technology has demonstrated significant application and practical value in large river basins and specific point-based projects. However, numerous challenges remain in implementing the “four-pre”(forecasting, early warning, rehearsal, and contingency plan) system for water conservancy facilities at the district and county levels. It is of great significance to address key challenges such as complex geospatial data, fragmented mathematical models, and slow cross-level scheduling in the digital twin “four-pre” system at the district and county levels. [Methods]Huairou District, Beijing, was selected as the study area. A differentiated monitoring and perception system was established across the entire district, built upon a three-tier architecture comprising an infrastructure layer, a digital twin platform layer, and a smart application layer. The system was designed by integrating the characteristics of district-level water management, the current status of informatization, and the geospatial characteristics of mountain-plain transition zones. A lightweight algorithm for large-scale multi-source data fusion was proposed. In view of the collaborative needs of multiple departments and levels within the district water authority, an application framework was established for cross-level joint scheduling and consultation. To evaluate the practical effectiveness of the research framework, model loading tests, analytic hierarchy process(AHP), and scenario analysis were used for quantitative evaluation of framework effectiveness. [Results] The result showed that the lightweight algorithm significantly optimized model size, reducing the rendering load by approximately 83%. Through the use of encapsulated hydrological model libraries and collaborative applications, the comprehensive “four-pre” capabilities of flood disaster prevention and mitigation in Huairou District were theoretically improved by about 70%. [Conclusion] The findings indicate that the platform can improve precise perception, intelligent simulation accuracy, and collaborative scheduling effectiveness of water conservancy facilities in Huairou District. This approach is applicable for administrative units at the district and county levels with complex geographical environments, numerous water conservancy facilities and multi-level cross-departmental management collaboration, thereby providing a reference for similar cases nationwide.

关键词

洪涝灾害 / 地理空间数据 / 跨层级联合调度 / “四预”能力评价 / 层次分析法 / 数字孪生 / 水利工程 / 山地-平原过渡区

Key words

flood disasters / geospatial data / cross-level joint scheduling / “four-pre” capability evaluation / analytic hierarchy process / digital twin / hydraulic engineering / mountain-plain transition zone

基金资助

京津冀环境综合治理国家科技重大专项(2025ZD1202105)