346例未成年颌面部骨折患者的临床分析

Clinical analysis of 346 minor patients with maxillofacial fractures

摘要

目的 分析近年来未成年人颌面部骨折的临床流行病学和诊治特点，为其防治提供参考依据。 方法 回顾性研究2015年1月1日—2020年12月31日四川大学华西口腔医院创伤整形外科的未成年颌面部骨折患者的临床资料，统计分析其年龄、性别、致病因素、骨折部位、治疗方式和效果。 结果 患者平均年龄为（10.65±5.15）岁，男女比为1.91∶1。高坠伤是0~6岁患者的首要致伤原因，对7~12岁和13~17岁患者，交通事故伤则成为首要致伤原因。面中部骨折和面下部非髁突骨折手术治疗占比为65.13%和83.08%，髁突骨折保守治疗占比74.73%，手术治疗占比25.27%。 结论 不同年龄阶段的未成年人颌面部骨折致伤原因存在差异，因此需要根据未成年人所处的年龄阶段调整其预防策略。手术治疗是面中部骨折和面下部非髁突骨折的主要治疗方式，髁突骨折仍以保守治疗为主要治疗方式，但手术治疗占比呈增长趋势。

Abstract

Objective This study aims to analyze the clinical epidemiology, diagnostic and treatment characteristics of minor patients with maxillofacial fracture and provide a reference for the prevention and treatment. Methods The clinical data of minor patients with maxillofacial fracture in Departmentof Traumatic and Plastic Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2020 were retrospectively studied and statistically analyzed in terms of age, gender, etiology, anatomic sites and treatment modalities. Results The mean age of the patients was (10.65±5.15) years, and the male-to-female ratio was 1.91∶1. High fall was the primary cause of maxillofacial fractures in minors aged 0-6 years. Traffic accident injuries were the main cause of maxillofacial fractures in minors aged 7-12 and 13-17 years. About 65.13% of the midface and 83.08% non-condylar fractures were mainly treated by surgery, and condylar fractures were treated conservatively in 74.73% and by surgical treatment in 25.27%. Conclusion The etiology of maxillofacial fractures in minors differs at different ages, so prevention strategies should be adjusted according to age. Surgical treatment has become the preferred treatment modality for midface and non-condylar fractures. Conservative treatment is still the main treatment method for condylar fractures, but the proportion of surgical treatment increases.

关键词

颌面部骨折 / 未成年人 / 儿童 / 流行病学 / 治疗

Key words

maxillofacial fracture / minors / children / epidemiology / treatment

Author summay

闫凯欣，医师，硕士，E-mail：[e-mail]