美国牙科协会急性牙痛药物治疗循证临床实践指南(2023—2024)解读及对我国的临床启示
赵电红 , 郑利光
华西口腔医学杂志 ›› 2026, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (4) : 462 -471.
美国牙科协会急性牙痛药物治疗循证临床实践指南(2023—2024)解读及对我国的临床启示
Interpretation of the American Dental Association practice guidelines for the management of acute dental pain with pharmacotherapy (2023-2024) and its clinical implications for China
急性牙痛是口腔常见急症,美国牙科协会于 2023、2024 年相继发布儿童、青少年、成人及老年人急性牙痛药物治疗循证临床实践指南,确立“非甾体抗炎药优先、严格限制阿片类药物、分年龄段精细化管理”的新体系。本文系统解读指南的循证基础及分年龄段用药方案,结合我国相关诊疗规范、专家共识及国家基本药物目录,从药物可及性、处方习惯、政策衔接、基层医疗资源配置等角度,探讨本土化实施路径,提出符合我国国情的全年龄段分层用药方案,并围绕循证培训、多学科协作、患者教育、药学监管等提出实施建议。本文旨在为我国口腔医师提供融合国际最新证据与本土实际的急性牙痛药物治疗决策参考,推动我国急性口腔疼痛管理的规范化与科学化。
Acute toothache is a common dental emergency. In 2023 and 2024, the American Dental Association successively issued evidence‑based clinical practice guidelines for the pharmacologic management of acute dental pain in children, adolescents, adults, and older adults, establishing a new system that prioritizes nonsteroidal anti‑inflammatory drugs, strictly limits opioids, and implements age‑specific precise management. This article systematically interprets the evidence‑based foundation and age‑specific medication regimens of the guidelines. By integrating relevant Chinese diagnostic and treatment standards, expert consensuses, and the National Essential Medicines List, it explores localized implementation pathways from the perspectives of drug accessibility, prescribing habits, policy alignment, and primary healthcare resource allocation. It proposes age‑stratified analgesic regimens suitable for China and provides actionable recommendations for evidence‑based training, multidisciplinary collaboration, patient education, and pharmaceutical supervision. This article aims to provide Chinese dentists with a decision‑making reference for the pharmacological treatment of acute toothache that incorporates the latest international evidence and local realities, thereby promoting standardized and scientific acute oral pain management in China.
| [1] |
|
| [2] |
|
| [3] |
中华医学会疼痛学分会. 中国疼痛病诊疗规范[M]. 北京: 人民卫生出版社, 2020. |
| [4] |
Chinese Medical Association Pain Branch. Chinese pain disease diagnosis and treatment standards[M]. Beijing: People's Medical Publishing House, 2020. |
| [5] |
张益. 口腔颌面部间隙感染诊疗指南[EB/OL]. (2022-10-27) [2026-04-15]. |
| [6] |
|
| [7] |
2210/0 e87231c99f649f99fccea827aa232b7/files/173287 |
| [8] |
1384546_38651.pdf. |
| [9] |
中华口腔医学会. 口腔急诊预检分诊分级专家共识: T/ CHSA 086—2024 [S]. 北京: 中华口腔医学会, 2024. |
| [10] |
Chinese Stomatological Association. Expert consensus on pre-examination in oral emergency: T/ CHSA 086—2024 [S]. Beijing: Chinese Stomatological Association, 2024. |
| [11] |
中华口腔医学会. 非麻醉医师实施口腔诊疗适度镇静/镇痛专家共识: T/ CHSA 003—2023 [S]. 北京: 中华口腔医学会, 2023. |
| [12] |
Chinese Stomatological Association. Expert consensus under mild-to-moderate sedation and analgesia in oral dia-gnosis and treatment by non-anesthesiologists: T/ CHSA 003—2023 [S]. Beijing: Chinese Stomatological Association, 2023. |
| [13] |
国家基本药物临床应用指南和处方集编委会. 国家基本药物临床应用指南(化学药品和生物制品) 2018年版[M]. 北京: 人民卫生出版社, 2019. |
| [14] |
National Essential Medicines Clinical Application Guidelines and Prescription Collection Editorial Committee. National Essential Medicines Clinical Application Guidelines (Chemical and Biological Products) 2018 Edition[M]. Beijing: People's Medical Publishing House, 2019. |
| [15] |
国家药监局综合司, 公安部办公厅, 国家邮政局办公室.关于进一步加强复方地芬诺酯片等药品管理的通知 |
| [16] |
EB/OL]. (2023-02-13)[2026-04-15]. |
| [17] |
Comprehensive Department of National Medical Pro-ducts Administration, The Office of Ministry of Public Security, Office of State Post Bureau. Notice on further strengthening the management of compound difenofibrate tablets and other drugs[EB/OL]. (2023-02-13)[2026-04-15]. |
| [18] |
马博, 柯博文, 梁新华. 口腔局部麻醉药治疗颌面部疼痛的研究进展[J]. 国际口腔医学杂志, 2025, 52(1): 82-91. |
| [19] |
|
| [20] |
张昕, 周伟伟, 丁谦文, |
| [21] |
|
| [22] |
陈佳锐, 陈邦俊, 郑相淮. 地塞米松不同给药途径对下颌阻生第三磨牙拔除术后的疗效观察[J]. 中国美容医学, 2020, 29(5): 140-143. |
| [23] |
|
| [24] |
刘晓莉, 李毅. 地塞米松在牙髓病学中的研究进展[J]. 口腔医学研究, 2023, 39(3): 193-196. |
| [25] |
|
| [26] |
罗梦琦, 郑晖. 《针灸甲乙经》中牙痛的诊治特点探析[J]. 亚太传统医药, 2021, 17(10): 192-194. |
| [27] |
|
北京大学口腔医学院第九届管理科研基金(2020GLJJ07)
/
| 〈 |
|
〉 |