变电站抗震韧性初评估方法

Preliminary method for seismic resilience assessment of substations

摘要

鉴于地震后变电站震害严重，且目前针对变电站的韧性评估研究尚处于初步阶段，本文基于震后破坏的修复费用与修复时间双指标，构建了一套变电站地震韧性的初步评估方法与框架。以220kV变电站为基础数据，结合既有的该类变电站在不同地震影响场作用下的易损性研究成果，综合建立了变电站设备与建(构)筑物的易损性矩阵。同时，基于功能、造价与破坏机理，对变电站内部组成进行分类；结合既有变电站变压器震害实例，单独针对变压器进行了破坏等级划分并确定了对应的修复费用；建立涵盖故障诊断、资源调度、实际修复、测试4个阶段的修复时间模型；提出变电站抗震韧性指数的计算公式，定义了4个等级的韧性标准。利用研究的成果，可快速完成单个变电站抗震韧性初评估，该方法适用于国内大部分中低压变电站并具备向高压变电站及输变电系统拓展的可行性。

Abstract

Given the severe seismic damage to substations in past earthquakes and the preliminary stage of current research on substation resilience assessment, this paper develops an initial evaluation method and framework for substation seismic resilience based on dual indicators of post-earthquake repair cost and repair time. Using 220kV substations as the foundational data, this study synthesizes existing vulnerability research findings for such substations under various seismic intensity scenarios to establish comprehensive vulnerability matrices for substation equipment and buildings. Simultaneously, internal substation components are classified according to function, cost, and damage mechanism. Combining with existing transformer damage cases, a separate damage grade classification and corresponding repair cost scheme is developed specifically for transformers. A four-stage repair time model covering fault diagnosis, resource mobilization, actual repair, and testing is established. A formula for calculating the substation seismic resilience index is proposed, defining four levels of resilience standards. Utilizing the outcomes of this research, rapid preliminary seismic resilience assessment of individual substations can be accomplished. This method is applicable to most domestic medium and low-voltage substations and possesses the feasibility for extension to high-voltage substations and integrated transmission-transformation systems.

关键词

变电站 / 抗震韧性评估 / 修复费用 / 修复时间 / 抗震韧性指数

Key words

substation / seismic resilience assessment / repair cost / repair time / seismic resilience index

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基金资助

国家自然科学基金面上项目(52279128)

中国地震局工程力学研究所基本科研业务费专项资助项目(2024B18)