能登半岛M _W7.5地震长周期地震动模拟与特征分析

Simulation and characteristic analysis of long-period ground motion during the M _W7.5 Noto Peninsula earthquake

摘要

为分析2024年日本能登半岛M_W7.5地震的地震波传播过程，揭示震源破裂特性及地震动的空间分布规律，本文基于震源运动学破裂模型，利用精细化三维速度结构，结合交错网格有限差分法，模拟了0.1~1.0Hz长周期地震动，并与K-net台站观测记录对比。研究结果表明，速度波场快照揭示了沉积层引起的新潟和关东地区的长周期地震动放大效应显著；地形导致地震波的传播方向具有显著的聚焦效应；地震动速度峰值、位移峰值随距离的衰减规律与观测记录基本一致。对比分析表明，模拟的地震动与观测记录在空间分布和长周期地震动特征等方面具有较高的一致性，能够解释复杂地震波传播机制及局部放大效应。

Abstract

This study aims to simulate and analyze the seismic wave propagation, source rupture characteristics, and spatial distribution of ground motions during the M _W7.5 Noto Peninsula earthquake, Japan, 2024, a kinematic source rupture model is adopted, combined with a refined three-dimensional velocity structure, the long-period ground motions (0.1~1.0Hz) are simulated using the staggered-grid finite-difference method, and the results are validated against K-net station observations. Snapshots of the velocity wavefield reveal significant amplification of long-period ground motions in the Niigata and Kanto regions, attributed to sedimentary layers. Topographic features act as waveguides, producing a notable focusing effect on seismic wave propagation. The attenuation trends of peak ground velocity and peak ground displacement with distance generally match the observed records. A comparative analysis shows that the simulated ground motions align well with observations in terms of spatial distribution and long-period characteristics, effectively capturing the complex propagation mechanisms and local amplification effects.

关键词

能登半岛M _W7.5地震 / 地震动模拟 / 有限差分法 / 有限断层模型 / 地震动特征

Key words

M _W7.5 Noto Peninsula earthquake / ground motion simulation / finite difference method / finite fault model / ground motion characteristic

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基金资助

国家自然科学基金项目(52478568)

中国工程院院地合作项目(HB2026B14)