碟簧——SMA联合阻尼器的力学性能及有限元分析

Mechanical properties and finite element analysis of disc spring-SMA combined dampers

摘要

基于碟形弹簧和超弹性形状记忆合金(shape memory alloy，SMA)螺栓的材料特性，提出一种碟簧-SMA联合阻尼器。重点阐述了碟簧-SMA联合阻尼器的基本构造和工作原理，对所提出的碟簧-SMA联合阻尼器的抗震性能进行理论研究，构建了可靠的恢复力模型。基于精细化有限元模拟，验证了恢复力模型的准确性，评估了不同位移下联合阻尼器的抗震性能，并针对SMA直径、SMA预拉力、碟簧预压位移等影响因素进行参数分析。结果表明，联合阻尼器在不同位移下的滞回曲线均较为饱满，呈现典型双旗帜形特征，显现出良好的耗能能力和自复位能力，有效解决了传统碟簧阻尼器受压不受拉的问题。SMA直径增大可以提高耗能能力和割线刚度；SMA预应力可以提高初始刚度，但应避免过度预拉；碟簧预压位移增大虽然能够提高阻尼器刚度，但会导致耗能能力和最大变形能力降低。

Abstract

Based on the material properties of disc springs and superelastic shape memory alloy (SMA) bolts, a disc spring-SMA combined damper is proposed. This paper introduced the fundamental configuration and operational mechanism of the disc spring-SMA combined damper. A theoretical investigation was conducted on the seismic performance of the proposed damper. A reliable restoring force model was established and verified through finite element analysis. Based on the refined finite element analysis, the seismic performance of the disc spring-SMA combined damper was evaluated under different displacement amplitudes, followed by a systematic parametric analysis of influencing parameters: SMA diameter, preloading of SMA bolts, and preloading displacement of disc springs. The results demonstrate that the hysteretic curve of the disc spring-SMA combined damper under different displacements is full and shows a distinctive “double-flag” shape, indicating superior energy dissipation performance and self-centering capability. Furthermore, the proposed design effectively addressed the limitation of conventional disc spring dampers in resisting tensile forces. The increase in SMA diameter can enhance both the energy dissipation capacity and secant stiffness of the combined damper. An increase in the preloading of SMA bolts improves the initial stiffness, but excessive preloading should be avoided. Although the increase of preloading displacement of disc springs increases the stiffness of the combined damper, the energy dissipation capacity and the maximum deformation capacity decrease.

关键词

碟形弹簧 / 形状记忆合金 / 自复位阻尼器 / 抗震性能 / 有限元模拟

Key words

disc spring / shape memory alloy / self-centering damper / seismic performance / finite element simulation

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基金资助

山东省自然科学基金项目(ZR2020QE278)