基于橡胶隔震支座初始硬化效应的隔震结构抗震性能研究

Seismic performance evaluation of base-isolated structures incorporating initial hardening effects in elastomeric isolation bearings

摘要

在近断层脉冲型地震作用下，采用橡胶隔震支座第3圈力学参数设计的隔震结构往往仅经历1~2圈往复就发生破坏。此时，橡胶隔震支座的初始硬化效应的影响比较明显。为了探究橡胶隔震支座初始硬化效应的影响，本文以泸定地震震中区域某隔震结构为研究对象，基于OpenSees平台分别建立了采用橡胶隔震支座第1圈、第3圈力学参数的隔震结构模型，通过非线性时程分析方法，对比了隔震结构采用2组力学参数在近场脉冲型地震动作用下的地震响应。研究结果表明，相较于规范推荐的第3圈参数，隔震结构采用第1圈力学参数的上部结构地震响应更大。在多遇、设防、罕遇地震作用下，上部结构的最大层间位移角分别放大1.14、1.09、1.22倍，最大基底剪力分别放大1.14、1.07、1.04倍，而隔震层位移则分别减小13.69%、10.23%、7.37%。此外，随着地震动加速度幅值的增大，上部结构的楼面最大加速度基本不变，而橡胶隔震支座初始硬化效应的影响逐渐减小。

Abstract

Under near-fault pulse-type earthquake excitations, seismic isolation structures designed using the third-cycle mechanical parameters of rubber isolators often fail after experiencing only one to two complete hysteretic cycles. In such scenarios, the influence of the initial hardening effect of rubber isolators is relatively significant. To investigate this phenomenon, this study focuses on a seismic isolation structure located in the epicenter zone of the Luding earthquake. Two isolation models were developed in the OpenSees platform. One incorporating the first-cycle mechanical parameters of rubber isolators and the other adopting the code-recommended third-cycle parameters. The nonlinear time-history analysis method was employed to compare the seismic responses of the two models under near-field pulse-type ground motions. The results demonstrate that the seismic response of the structure using first-cycle parameters is significantly greater than that of the code-recommended third-cycle parameter-based model. Specifically, under frequent, moderate, and rare earthquakes, the maximum inter-story drift ratio of the superstructure increases by 1.14, 1.09, and 1.22 times, respectively, while the maximum base shear force increases by 1.14, 1.07, and 1.04 times. Conversely, the isolation layer displacement decreases by 13.69%, 10.23%, and 7.37%, respectively. Additionally, as the acceleration amplitude of the ground motion increases, the maximum floor acceleration of the superstructure remains nearly constant, whereas the influence of the initial hardening effect of rubber isolators diminishes gradually.

关键词

近断层脉冲型地震 / 隔震结构 / 橡胶支座 / 初始硬化 / 抗震性能 / 非线性时程分析

Key words

near-fault pulse-type earthquake / seismic isolation structure / rubber bearing / initial hardening / seismic performance / nonlinear time-history analysis

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基金资助

中国地震局工程力学研究所基本科研业务费专项资助项目(2023B10)

中国地震局工程力学研究所基本科研业务费专项资助项目(2022C04)

国家自然科学基金青年项目(52208509)

黑龙江省自然科学基金项目(LH2022E121)

国家自然科学基金项目(52078471)