水平地震作用下软黏土中桩承输电塔系统的动力响应分析

Dynamic response of pile-supported transmission tower system installed in soft clay under horizontal earthquake action

摘要

本文基于常重力振动台地震模型试验结果的验证，建立了充分考虑土-结构相互作用影响的桩承输电塔体系三维有限元模型。针对水平地震作用下软黏土地基中桩承输电塔的动力响应开展了一系列数值参数分析，系统地探讨了地震动强度、地震动方向角及桩基抗弯刚度等因素的影响规律。研究结果表明，地震动方向角为30°~60°之间时，桩基及输电塔的地震响应相对较大。随着水平地震动强度的增大或桩身抗弯刚度的减小，桩身最大曲率呈非线性增大。当桩身抗弯刚度小于9.82×10⁵ kN/m²或峰值基岩加速度(peak bedrock acceleration，PBA)大于0.12 g时，桩顶附近率先进入塑性状态，随后桩身中下部(埋深9~11 m)逐渐出现塑性变形，输电塔的水平相对变形及层间位移比也较为显著。此外，对桩承输电塔的地震安全性能评价结果表明，与输电塔相比，桩基更易发生不同程度的地震破坏。因此，针对文中考虑的远场地震动类型，软土中桩承输电塔系统地震安全性主要取决于桩基的抗震性能。

Abstract

With the validation from previous 1 g shaking table model test results, three-dimensional finite element models of piled power transmission tower system have been established with the consideration of soil-structure interaction. A suite of numerical parametric analyses have been performed to investigate the dynamic response of piled power transmission tower in soft clay subjected to horizontal seismic shakings, to account for the effects of seismic motion intensity, seismic shaking direction angle and pile flexural rigidity. The results indicate that the responses of both pile and power transmission tower become larger when the seismic shaking direction angle ranges from 30° to 60°. With the increasing ground motion intensity or decreasing flexural rigidity of pile, the maximum curvature of the pile increases nonlinearly. When pile flexural rigidity less than 9.82×10 ⁵ kN/m ² or peak bedrock acceleration (PBA) larger than 0.12 g, the pile head first enters the plastic state, and then the lower part (9 to 11 m below pile head) of pile gradually enters the plastic state, and the relative horizontal displacement and interlayer displacement ratio become more significant. In addition, the seismic safety performance evaluation of both pile foundation and power transmission tower shows that, compared to the power transmission tower, pile foundation is more vulnerable to earthquake-induced damages to varying extents. Hence, for the far-field ground motions considered in this study, the seismic safety of piled power transmission tower system in soft clay mainly depends on the seismic performance of the pile foundation.

关键词

桩基 / 软黏土 / 输电塔 / 地震 / 土-结构相互作用

Key words

pile foundation / soft clay / transmission tower / earthquake / soil-structure interaction

参考文献

[1] LI H N, SHI W L, WANG G X, et al. Simplified models and experimental verification for coupled transmission tower-line system to seismic excitations[J]. Journal of Sound and Vibration, 2005, 286(3): 569-585.

[2] 谢强, 白杰, 薛松涛 . 特高压交流同塔双回输电塔地震模拟振动台试验[J]. 高电压技术, 2012, 38(6): 1410-1419.

[3] XIE Qiang, BAI Jie, XUE Songtao . Shake table test on UHV AC double circuit transmission tower[J]. High Voltage Engineering, 2012, 38(6): 1410-1419. (in Chinese)

[4] 李钢, 谢强, 文嘉意 . 地震作用下输电塔线耦联体系导线减震作用研究[J]. 地震工程与工程振动, 2015, 35(5): 47-53.

[5] LI Gang, XIE Qiang, WEN Jiayi . Vibration energy absorption effects of conductors in transmission tower-wire coupling system subjected to earthquake[J]. Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Dynamics, 2015, 35(5): 47-53. (in Chinese)

[6] 田利, 刘俊才, 潘海洋, 等 . 近断层地震下输电塔-线体系振动台试验研究[J]. 土木工程学报, 2018, 51(增刊1): 127-132.

[7] TIAN Li, LIU Juncai, PAN Haiyang, et al. Research on shaking table test of transmission tower-line system under near-fault earthquake[J]. China Civil Engineering Journal, 2018, 51(Sup. 1): 127-132. (in Chinese)

[8] 魏文晖, 袁超, 王浩, 等 . 考虑地震动摇摆分量作用的输电塔线体系响应[J]. 建筑结构学报, 2019, 40(6): 79-88.

[9] WEI Wenhui, YUAN Chao, WANG Hao, et al. Seismic response of transmission tower-line system under coupled horizontal and tilt ground motion[J]. Journal of Building Structures, 2019, 40(6): 79-88. (in Chinese)

[10] 李宏男, 肖诗云 . 高压输电塔-桩-土相互作用分析模型及地震反应: 侧向分析[J]. 地震工程与工程振动, 1998, 18(2): 79-84.

[11] LI Hongnan, XIAO Shiyun . Transmission tower-pile-soil interaction analysis model and seismic response: Out-of-plan[J]. Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Dynamics, 1998, 18(2): 79-84. (in Chinese)

[12] 李宏男, 石文龙, 贾连光 . 考虑导线影响的输电塔侧向简化抗震计算方法[J]. 振动工程学报, 2003, 16(2): 233-237.

[13] LI Hongnan, SHI Wenlong, JIA Lianguang . Simplified aseismic calculation method considering effects of lines on transmission tower[J]. Journal of Vibration Engineering, 2003, 16(2): 233-237. (in Chinese)

[14] 沈国辉, 孙炳楠, 何运祥, 等 . 大跨越输电塔线体系的地震响应研究[J]. 工程力学, 2008, 25(11): 212-217.

[15] SHEN Guohui, SUN Bingnan, HE Yunxiang, et al. Seismic responses of long-span transmission tower-line system[J]. Engineering Mechanics, 2008, 25(11): 212-217. (in Chinese)

[16] 邓洪洲, 司瑞娟, 邓凌君 . 大跨越输电塔线体系地震反应分析[J]. 振动与冲击, 2011, 30(7): 173-177.

[17] DENG Hongzhou, SI Ruijuan, DENG Lingjun . Seismic responses of a large crossing transmission tower-line system[J]. Journal of Vibration and Shock, 2011, 30(7): 173-177. (in Chinese)

[18] 魏奇科, 李正良 . 行波效应对大跨越输电塔-线体系纵向地震响应影响[J]. 振动与冲击, 2011, 30(10): 236-240.

[19] WEI Qike, LI Zhengliang . Traveling wave effect on longitudinal seismic response of a long-span power transmission tower-cable system[J]. Journal of Vibration and Shock, 2011, 30(10): 236-240. (in Chinese)

[20] 田利, 李宏男, 王文明 . 地震动空间变化对高压输电塔线体系地震反应的影响[J]. 振动与冲击, 2013, 32(8): 79-87.

[21] TIAN Li, LI Hongnan, WANG Wenming . Effects of ground motion spatial variation on seismic response of a power transmission tower-line system[J]. Journal of Vibration and Shock, 2013, 32(8): 79-87. (in Chinese)

[22] 田利, 李宏男, 李术才 . 多点地震激励下考虑地形变化输电塔线体系的响应分析[J]. 应用基础与工程科学学报, 2013, 21(2): 257-266.

[23] TIAN Li, LI Hongnan, LI Shucai . Seismic response of transmission tower-line system considering topographic variation under multiple-support ground motion excitations[J]. Journal of Basic Science and Engineering, 2013, 21(2): 257-266. (in Chinese)

[24] 安利强, 冯亮, 张志尧, 等 . 变高差特高压直流输电塔线体系的地震响应分析[J]. 科学技术与工程, 2020, 20(10): 3990-3996.

[25] AN Liqiang, FENG Liang, ZHANG Zhiyao, et al. On seismic response of ultra-high voltage direct current transmission tower-line system considering elevation difference[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2020, 20(10): 3990-3996. (in Chinese)

[26] LIU J C, YANG M, TIAN L, et al. Progressive failure and seismic fragility analysis for transmission towers considering buckling effect[J]. Journal of Constructional Steel Research, 2023, 208: 108029.

[27] 田利, 李兴建, 易思银, 等 . 地震下考虑桩-土-结构相互作用的输电塔-线体系响应分析[J]. 世界地震工程, 2018, 34(3): 1-11.

[28] TIAN Li, LI Xingjian, YI Siyin, et al. Response analysis of transmission tower-line system considering pile-soil-structure interaction under earthquake loading[J]. World Earthquake Engineering, 2018, 34(3): 1-11. (in Chinese)

[29] 魏文晖, 徐辅中, 袁超, 等 . 考虑SSI效应输电塔线体系多维地震响应分析[J]. 武汉理工大学学报, 2020, 42(3): 39-45.

[30] WEI Wenhui, XU Fuzhong, YUAN Chao, et al. Response analysis of transmission tower-line system considering SSI under multi-component ground motion[J]. Journal of Wuhan University of Technology, 2020, 42(3): 39-45. (in Chinese)

[31] 王天宇, 李黎 . 多点地震激励下输电塔动力响应分析[J]. 地震工程与工程振动, 2014, 34(增刊1): 269-273.

[32] WANG Tianyu, LI Li . Stochastic analysis of transmission tower under multi-excitation earthquake[J]. Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Dynamics, 2014, 34(Sup. 1): 269-273. (in Chinese)

[33] LI C, YANG P, LI H N, et al. Comprehensive seismic performance analyses of pile-supported transmission tower-line systems considering ground motion spatial variation and incident direction[J]. Earthquake Spectra, 2024, 40(3): 1956-1985.

[34] 李宏男, 胡大柱, 黄连状 . 地震作用下输电塔体系塑性极限状态分析[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2006, 26(24): 192-199.

[35] LI Hongnan, HU Dazhu, HUANG Lianzhuang . Plastic limit analysis of the transmission tower system subjected to earthquake action[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2006, 26(24): 192-199. (in Chinese)

[36] 熊铁华, 梁枢果, 邹良浩, 等 . 大跨越钢管混凝土输电塔地震作用弹塑性分析[J]. 工程力学, 2012, 29(11): 158-164.

[37] XIONG Tiehua, LIANG Shuguo, ZOU Lianghao, et al. Elastic-plastic analysis of a long-span concrete filled steel-tube transmission tower under earthquake action[J]. Engineering Mechanics, 2012, 29(11): 158-164. (in Chinese)

[38] TIAN L, MA R S, QU B . Influence of different criteria for selecting ground motions compatible with IEEE 693 required response spectrum on seismic performance assessment of electricity transmission towers[J]. Engineering Structures, 2018, 156: 337-350.

[39] 盖霞, 田利 . 多维地震激励下考虑构件滞回性能的输电塔倒塌分析[J]. 地震工程学报, 2020, 42(2): 352-359.

[40] GAI Xia, TIAN Li . Collapse analysis of transmission towers under multi-dimensional seismic excitation considering hysteretic behavior of components[J]. China Earthquake Engineering Journal, 2020, 42(2): 352-359. (in Chinese)

[41] LI C, PAN H Y, TIAN L . Seismic performance analyses of pile-supported transmission tower-line systems subjected to depth-varying spatial ground motions[J]. Journal of Earthquake Engineering, 2023, 27(9): 2381-2405.

[42] 谢丽宇, 唐珏, 谢强, 等 . 基于性能的输电塔地震易损性分析[J]. 特种结构, 2014, 31(1): 104-108, 68.

[43] XIE Liyu, TANG Jue, XIE Qiang, et al. Seismic fragility assessment of transmission towers via performance-based analysis[J]. Special Structures, 2014, 31(1): 104-108, 68. (in Chinese)

[44] 张伟, 周强, 唐可人 . 基于位移的输电塔地震易损性分析[J]. 钢结构, 2016, 31(12): 47-52.

[45] ZHANG Wei, ZHOU Qiang, TANG Keren . Displacement-based seismic fragility analysis method for power transmission tower[J]. Steel Construction, 2016, 31(12): 47-52. (in Chinese)

[46] PARK H S, CHOI B H, KIM J J, et al. Seismic performance evaluation of high voltage transmission towers in South Korea[J]. KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering, 2016, 20(6): 2499-2505.

[47] TIAN L, PAN H Y, MA R S . Probabilistic seismic demand model and fragility analysis of transmission towers subjected to near-field ground motions[J]. Journal of Constructional Steel Research, 2019, 156: 266-275.

[48] LI C, PAN H Y, TIAN L, et al. Lifetime multi-hazard fragility analysis of transmission towers under earthquake and wind considering wind-induced fatigue effect[J]. Structural Safety, 2022, 99: 102266.

[49] PAN H Y, LI C, TIAN L . Seismic fragility analysis of transmission towers considering effects of soil-structure interaction and depth-varying ground motion inputs[J]. Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering, 2021, 19(11): 4311-4337.

[50] 赵仰康, 王晨, 宋鹏彦 . 横隔数目对猫头型输电塔抗震性能的影响[J]. 防灾减灾工程学报, 2022, 42(6): 1287-1293.

[51] ZHAO Yangkang, WANG Chen, SONG Pengyan . Effect of the number of cross-sections on seismic response of catenary-type transmission tower structures[J]. Journal of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Engineering, 2022, 42(6): 1287-1293. (in Chinese)

[52] ZHANG L, LIU Y . Seismic responses of rectangular subway tunnels in a clayey ground[J]. PLoS One, 2018, 13(10): e0204672.

[53] TSINIDIS G, PITILAKIS K, MADABHUSHI G, et al. Dynamic response of flexible square tunnels: Centrifuge testing and validation of existing design methodologies[J]. Géotechnique, 2015, 65(5): 401-417.

[54] BAO X H, XIA Z F, YE G L, et al. Numerical analysis on the seismic behavior of a large metro subway tunnel in liquefiable ground[J]. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, 2017, 66: 91-106.

[55] ZHANG L, ZHANG P P, XU D S, et al. Seismic damage analysis of piled pier system constructed on soft clay ground[J]. Journal of Bridge Engineering, 2021, 26(3): 04020133.

[56] ZHANG L, GOH S H, LIU H B . Seismic response of pile-raft-clay system subjected to a long-duration earthquake: Centrifuge test and finite element analysis[J]. Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 2017, 92: 488-502.

[57] 张磊, 许徐晗, 陈成, 等 . 地震作用下软土中桩承桥墩系统响应特性分析[J]. 振动工程学报, 2022, 35(6): 1530-1540.

[58] ZHANG Lei, XU Xuhan, CHEN Cheng, et al. Seismic response characteristics of clay-pile-pier systems[J]. Journal of Vibration Engineering, 2022, 35(6): 1530-1540. (in Chinese)

[59] BANERJEE S, GOH S H, LEE F H . Earthquake-induced bending moment in fixed-head piles in soft clay[J]. Géotechnique, 2014, 64(6): 431-446.

[60] ZHANG L, GOH S H, YI J . A centrifuge study of the seismic response of pile-raft systems embedded in soft clay[J]. Géotechnique, 2017, 67(6): 479-490.

[61] ZHANG L, HU Z L, ZHANG P P, et al. Seismic response of pile-cap system installed in inclined soft clayey ground[J]. Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 2024, 181: 108658.

[62] 董瑞, 景立平, 单振东, 等 . 桩-土-结构相互作用对非基岩核电站安全厂房地震响应的影响[J]. 地震工程与工程振动, 2022, 42(4): 229-238.

[63] DONG Rui, JING Liping, SHAN Zhendong, et al. Influence of pile-soil-structure interaction on seismic response of non-bedrock nuclear power plant building[J]. Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Dynamics, 2022, 42(4): 229-238. (in Chinese)

[64] 刘敬羽, 景立平, 齐文浩 . 桩-土-结构动力相互作用影响因素分析[J]. 地震工程与工程振动, 2024, 44(5): 210-221.

[65] LIU Jingyu, JING Liping, QI Wenhao . Analysis of dynamic interaction influence factors of pile-soil-structure[J]. Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Dynamics, 2024, 44(5): 210-221. (in Chinese)

[66] LIU Y, ZHANG L . Seismic response of pile-raft system embedded in spatially random clay[J]. Géotechnique, 2019, 69(7): 638-645.

[67] WANG Z H, DUEÑAS-OSORIO L, PADGETT J E . Influence of soil-structure interaction and liquefaction on the isolation efficiency of a typical multispan continuous steel girder bridge[J]. Journal of Bridge Engineering, 2014, 19(8): A4014001.

[68] HWANG H, JERNIGAN J B, LIN Y W . Evaluation of seismic damage to Memphis bridges and highway systems[J]. Journal of Bridge Engineering, 2000, 5(4): 322-330.

[69] T/CECS 39- 2021 建筑结构抗倒塌设计标准[S]. 北京: 中国计划出版社, 2021.

[70] T/CECS 39- 2021 Standard for anti-collapse design of building structures[S]. Beijing: China Planning Press, 2021. (in Chinese)

[71] DL/T 741- 2019 架空输电线路运行规程[S]. 北京: 中国电力出版社, 2019.

[72] DL/T 741- 2019 Operating code for overhead transmission line[S]. Beijing: China Electric Power Press, 2019. (in Chinese)

基金资助

国家自然科学基金项目(52178353)