隧道下穿土窑洞爆破振动影响研究

Study on the influence of blasting vibration of a tunnel passing beneath soil cave

摘要

针对隧道下穿土窑洞施工中爆破振动的影响范围及振动控制问题，以某公路山岭隧道为依托，采用理论分析、现场监测与数值模拟方法，分析了爆破振动对土窑洞的振动响应规律，讨论了影响振动的关键因素，评价了土窑洞加固效果。研究结果表明，在各段爆破的振动响应中，掏槽段的爆破振动效应最为显著。现场实测的各测点中最大峰值振速为3.168 cm/s，超过了国家标准中一般民用建筑的安全振速限值2 cm/s，说明该隧道爆破施工过程会对上方土窑洞造成结构破坏；数值模拟结果表明，土窑洞拱顶在下方爆破作用下易发生拉裂型破坏。对比5种微差爆破时间对振动的影响，可知微差爆破的减震效果有限。对土窑洞进行砖衬券法加固的效果进行模拟，结果显示整体位移和振速均大幅减小，加固效果明显。研究结果可为类似工程建设提供支持。

Abstract

This study focuses on the scope of influence and vibration control issues of blasting vibrations during tunnel construction beneath soil cave dwellings. Taking a highway mountain tunnel as the research background, field monitoring and numerical simulation methods were employed to analyze the vibration response patterns of soil cave dwellings to blasting vibrations, identify the key factors influencing these vibrations, and evaluate reinforcement effectiveness. The research findings indicate the following. Among the vibration responses of various blasting sections, the trench-cutting section exhibits the most significant blasting vibration effects. The maximum peak vibration velocity measured at various field monitoring points is 3.168 cm/s, exceeding the national safety vibration velocity limit of 2 cm/s for general civil buildings, suggesting that the tunnel blasting may cause structural damage to overlying soil cave dwellings. Numerical simulation results reveal that the arch crown of soil cave dwellings is prone to tensile cracking damage under blasting vibrations from below. By comparing the impacts of five different millisecond blasting times on vibrations, it is concluded that the vibration reduction effect of millisecond blasting is limited. Simulations of the reinforcement effect of soil cave dwellings using the brick lining reinforcement method show that both overall displacement and vibration velocity are significantly reduced, indicating a notable reinforcement effect. The research findings can provide guidance for similar engineering projects.

关键词

隧道爆破 / 土窑洞 / 数值模拟 / 动力响应 / 加固措施

Key words

tunnel blasting / soil cave / numerical simulation / dynamic response / reinforcement measures

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基金资助

国家自然科学基金项目(52362050)

兰州理工大学横向课题项目(HX2024C50500001)