考虑场地液化特征的盾构隧道结构地震响应分析

Seismic response analysis of shield tunnel structures with consideration of site liquefaction characteristics

摘要

盾构隧道广泛应用于城市地下工程中，常需穿越可液化土层，地震作用下易发生结构损伤。本文建立了二维饱和土-盾构隧道结构动力相互作用分析模型，分析模型充分考虑了盾构隧道管片及其接头的非线性力学行为，同时采用PM4Sand与PM4Silt边界面弹塑性动力本构模型，分别描述饱和砂土及塑性粉土/黏土在地震作用下的非线性软化与液化特性。在此基础上，系统分析了可液化场地中盾构隧道结构的地震响应规律，重点揭示了可液化土层与隧道结构之间的动力相互作用机制。研究结果表明，饱和砂土的剪胀性及循环流动特性在很大程度上控制了场地的地震反应特征；隧道结构的存在显著改变了场地加速度响应分布及土体液化发展程度。此外，隧道管片接头内力与变形沿环向分布存在明显不均性，其中拱脚及拱肩位置的接头内力和变形显著大于其他部位。在可液化场地中进行盾构隧道抗震设计时，应重点关注拱脚与拱肩部位管片接头及连接螺栓的受力性能与潜在破坏风险，以提高盾构隧道结构在地震作用下的整体安全性与抗震性能。

Abstract

Shield tunnels are widely employed in urban underground infrastructure and frequently traverse liquefiable soil layers, where they are susceptible to structural damage under seismic loading. In this study, a two-dimensional dynamic soil-structure interaction model for saturated ground was developed. The numerical analysis model explicitly incorporates the nonlinear mechanical behavior of tunnel segments and segmental joints. The PM4Sand and PM4Silt bounding-surface elastoplastic dynamic constitutive models are adopted to simulate the nonlinear softening and liquefaction behavior of the saturated sand and plastic silt/clay under cyclic loading, respectively. Based on this, the seismic response of shield tunnels in soils containing liquefiable interlayers was systematically examined, with particular emphasis on the dynamic interaction mechanisms between liquefiable soils and tunnel structures. The results indicate that the dilatancy and cyclic mobility characteristics of the saturated sand largely govern the seismic site response. The presence of the tunnel significantly alters the distribution of ground acceleration and the evolution of soil liquefaction. Moreover, pronounced circumferential non-uniformity in the internal forces and deformations of segmental joints is observed. The joints located at the foot and shoulder positions experience substantially larger internal forces and deformations than those at other locations. Therefore, in the seismic design of shield tunnels constructed in liquefiable ground, special attention should be paid to the mechanical performance and potential failure risks of segmental joints and connecting bolts at the foot and shoulder positions, so as to enhance the overall structural safety and seismic performance of shield tunnels.

关键词

盾构隧道 / 可液化场地 / 流固耦合有效应力分析 / 土-结构相互作用 / 地震响应

Key words

shield tunnel / liquefiable sites / fluid-solid coupling effective stress analysis / soil-structure interaction / seismic response

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基金资助

国家自然科学基金项目(52408435)

国家自然科学基金项目(W2411044)

国家自然科学基金项目(52278384)