穿斗式木结构围护墙特征与抗震加固综述

Review on characteristics and seismic strengthening of infill walls in Chuandou timber structures

摘要

穿斗式木结构是我国南方地区的典型传统建筑形式，历次地震中其围护墙体震害严重，尤以砖墙倒塌最为突出，是造成人员伤亡的主要原因。为系统揭示围护墙体的震害规律并探索有效加固措施，本文采用历史文献梳理、震害调查对比与理论分析相结合的方法，从历史演变与地域分布双维度梳理围护墙体类型特征，对比四类典型墙体的抗震性能与震害模式，从刚度差异、界面连接、墙体构造三方面解析砖墙震害机理，并分类评述现有加固技术提出针对性组合策略。研究表明，穿斗式木结构围护墙体类型具有显著的时空分异特征，西南和江南地区各有典型墙体形式；木板墙、竹编夹泥墙抗震性能优良，夯土墙、砖墙易发生平面外倒塌，且砖墙因存量大、风险高成为核心加固对象；砖墙震害源于刚度差异、连接薄弱、高厚比过大的综合作用。基于研究结果，按节点、墙体、整体三层级评述加固技术，提出适配普通民居、历史建筑、高烈度区建筑的差异化组合加固策略，以期为穿斗式木结构围护墙的抗震性能提升与防灾减灾提供理论依据和技术支撑。

Abstract

The Chuandou timber structures represent a dominant form of traditional architecture in southern China. Past earthquakes have consistently revealed severe damage to their infill walls, with masonry wall collapse being particularly prominent and a primary cause of casualties. To systematically investigate the seismic damage characteristics of these walls and explore effective strengthening strategies, this study adopts an integrated approach combining a historical literature review, comparative analysis of earthquake damage surveys, and theoretical analysis. From the dual perspectives of historical evolution and regional distribution, the typological characteristics of infill walls are clarified, and four representative wall types are compared in terms of their seismic performance and damage patterns. The damage mechanisms of masonry walls are further examined from three aspects: stiffness mismatch, deficient interface connections, and wall construction characteristics. On this basis, existing strengthening techniques are systematically reviewed and categorized, and targeted combined retrofitting strategies are proposed. The results indicate that infill wall types in Chuandou timber structures exhibit significant spatial-temporal variation, with each of the Southwest and Jiangnan regions having its own typical wall typologies. Timber plank walls and bamboo-mud infill walls show favorable seismic performance, whereas rammed earth and masonry walls are more prone to out-of-plane collapse. Due to their large stock and high associated risk, masonry walls are identified as the primary target for seismic strengthening. Their vulnerability arises from the combined effects of stiffness incompatibility, weak connections, and excessive slenderness ratios. Accordingly, strengthening techniques are evaluated at the joint, wall, and structural levels, and differentiated combined retrofitting strategies are proposed for ordinary residential buildings, heritage structures, and buildings in high seismic intensity regions. This study provides a theoretical basis and technical support for improving the seismic performance of infill walls in Chuandou timber structures and for advancing disaster prevention and mitigation efforts.

关键词

穿斗式木结构 / 围护墙体 / 抗震性能 / 震害机理 / 加固技术

Key words

Chuandou timber structure / infill wall / seismic performance / seismic damage mechanism / strengthening technology

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基金资助

中国地震局工程力学研究所基本科研业务费专项(2024C11)

国家自然科学基金地震科学联合基金重点项目(U2239252)

国家自然科学基金面上项目(52279128)

中国地震局工程力学研究所基本科研业务费专项(2026B12)