木构架-减震围护墙等效力学模型研究

Study on the equivalent mechanical model of a timber frame-damping infill wall

摘要

针对我国村镇地区传统木结构建筑抗震能力普遍不足，以及围护墙体在地震作用下易发生开裂、脱落甚至破坏的现实问题，本文在既有木构架-减震土坯墙研究基础上，引入蒸压加气混凝土(autoclaved aerated concrete，AAC)作为新型减震围护墙材料，以提升围护体系的整体抗震性能与工程适用性。研究基于ABAQUS有限元软件，对木构架-减震围护墙(timber frame-damping infill wall，TF-DW)体系平面内滞回性能进行了系统模拟分析，揭示了其受力机制；同时，结合双斜撑简化分析方法，建立了减震围护墙等效力学模型，并通过与实体模型对比验证了模型的可靠性。结果表明，该等效模型计算误差仅为3.2%，计算时间减少73.3%，在保证分析精度的同时显著降低了计算复杂度。研究表明，所提出的新型木构架-减震围护墙等效力学模型能够有效表征该体系的关键力学行为，为村镇木结构减震围护墙的快速分析、参数化设计及工程应用提供了高效可靠的理论工具。

Abstract

Traditional timber buildings in rural areas of China generally have insufficient seismic capacity, and their infill walls are highly vulnerable to cracking, detachment, and even collapse under earthquake action. To address this practical problem, this study introduces autoclaved aerated concrete (AAC) as a new seismic-reduction infill wall material based on previous research on timber frame-damping adobe wall systems. The aim is to improve the overall seismic performance and engineering applicability of the enclosure system. Using ABAQUS finite element software, the in-plane hysteretic behavior of the timber frame-damping infill wall (TF-DW) system was systematically simulated and analyzed, revealing its mechanical response mechanism. In addition, an equivalent mechanical model of the damping infill wall was developed based on the double-diagonal brace simplified analysis method. The reliability of this model was verified through comparison with a detailed solid model. The results show that the proposed equivalent model has a calculation error of only 3.2% and reduces computation time by 73.3%. It significantly decreases computational complexity while maintaining high analytical accuracy. The study demonstrates that the proposed equivalent mechanical model for the timber frame system-AAC damping infill wall system can effectively represent its key mechanical behavior. It provides an efficient and reliable theoretical tool for rapid analysis, parametric design, and engineering application of seismic-reduction infill walls in rural timber structures.

关键词

木构架 / 减震围护墙 / 抗震性能研究 / 等效力学模型 / 有限元分析

Key words

timber frame / damping infill wall / study on seismic performance / equivalent mechanical model / finite element analysis

参考文献

[1] 叶阳, 明小娜, 卢永坤, 等 . 漾濞6.4级地震大理地区穿斗木结构震害分析及加固措施[J]. 世界地震工程, 2021, 37(4): 28-37.

[2] Ye Yang, Ming Xiaona, Lu Yongkun, et al. Earthquake damage analysis of Dali timber frame structures subjected to the Yangbi M6.4 earthquake and methods of rebuild, reinforcement[J]. World Earthquake Engineering, 2021, 37(4): 28-37. (in Chinese)

[3] Qu Zhe, Fu Xiang, Kishiki S, et al. Behavior of masonry infilled Chuandou timber frames subjected to in-plane cyclic loading[J]. Engineering Structures, 2020, 211: 110449.

[4] Cao Jixing, Xiong Haibei, Liu Yingyang, et al. Seismic performance of glulam timber post and beam structures with and without light frame timber shear wall infill[J]. Journal of Building Engineering, 2022, 57: 104965.

[5] Valdivieso D, Guindos P, Montañó J, et al. Experimental investigation of multi-layered strong wood-frame shear walls with nonstructural Type X gypsum wallboard layers under cyclic load[J]. Engineering Structures, 2023, 282: 115797.

[6] 袁建力, 李胜才, 宋拓 . 木构架古建筑屋顶与围护墙抗震构造鉴定的探讨[J]. 地震工程与工程振动, 2022, 42(5): 104-109.

[7] Yuan Jianli, Li Shengcai, Song Tuo . Discussion on seismic constructional appraisal of roof and enclosure wall of ancient timber frame building[J]. Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Dynamics, 2022, 42(5): 104-109. (in Chinese)

[8] 袁宁, 夏广录, 吴建刚, 等 . 夏河5.7级地震村镇木构架房屋震害分析及重建对策[J]. 工程抗震与加固改造, 2021, 43(5): 162-167.

[9] Yuan Ning, Xia Guanglu, Wu Jiangang, et al. Seismic damage analysis and reconstruction countermeasures of timber frame houses in villages and towns in Xiahe M_S5.7 earthquake [J]. Earthquake Resistant Engineering and Retrofitting, 2021, 43(5): 162-167. (in Chinese)

[10] 潘毅, 袁家聪, 林拥军, 等 . 泸定6.8级地震农村居住建筑震害调查与分析[J]. 防灾减灾工程学报, 2023, 43(6): 1200-1214.

[11] Pan Yi, Yuan Jiacong, Lin Yongjun, et al. Seismic damage investigation and analysis of rural residential buildings in M_S6.8 Luding earthquake [J]. Journal of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Engineering, 2023, 43(6): 1200-1214. (in Chinese)

[12] 牛小楠, 张超, 张利朋, 等 . 木构架-减震土坯墙的构造与机理研究[J]. 工程力学, 2025, 42(增刊1): 209-216.

[13] Niu Xiaonan, Zhang Chao, Zhang Lipeng, et al. Research on construction and mechanism of timber frame with adobe wall[J]. Engineering Mechanics, 2025, 42(S1): 209-216. (in Chinese)

[14] Zhang Chao, Yang Zheng, Yu Tianhao, et al. Experimental and numerical studies of improving cyclic behavior of infilled reinforced concrete frame by prefabricated wall panels with sliding joints[J]. Journal of Building Engineering, 2023, 77: 107524.

[15] Holmes M . Combined loading on infilled frames[J]. Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers, 1963, 25(1): 31-38.

[16] Fardis M N, Panagiotakos T B . Seismic design and response of bare and masonry-infilled reinforced concrete buildings. Part Ⅱ: infilled structures[J]. Journal of Earthquake Engineering, 1997, 1(3): 475-503.

[17] 赵桂峰, 马玉宏, 崔秀丽 . 钢筋混凝土框架填充墙隔震建筑抗震性能影响因素分析[J]. 地震工程与工程振动, 2017, 37(1): 91-100.

[18] Zhao Guifeng, Ma Yuhong, Cui Xiuli . Influence factors analysis of seismic property for RC frame isolated buildings with infill walls[J]. Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Dynamics, 2017, 37(1): 91-100. (in Chinese)

[19] Longo F, Wiebe L, Da Porto F, et al. Application of an in-plane/out-of-plane interaction model for URM infill walls to dynamic seismic analysis of RC frame buildings[J]. Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering, 2018, 16(12): 6163-6190.

[20] BOLIS V, PRETI M, STAVRIDIS A . Simplified modeling of masonry infill walls with horizontal sliding joints[C]// Papadrakakis M, Fragiadakis M. 6th ECCOMAS Thematic Conference on Computational Methods in Structural Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering (COMPDYN 2017). Rhodes Island, Greece: ECCOMAS, 2017: 3367-3379.

[21] Li Ting, Xu Ming, Cui Zhaoyan, et al. Out-of-plane behavior and simplified modeling of reinforced masonry-infilled Chuan-Dou timber frames[J]. Structures, 2025, 81: 110238.

[22] Mallardi M G, D’Arenzo G, Giordano P F, et al. Influence of perpendicular wall interactions on the lateral behaviour of multi-storey cross-laminated timber structures: an analytical and numerical study[J]. Engineering Structures, 2025, 340: 120727.

[23] GB/T 50165-2020 古建筑木结构维护与加固技术标准[S].

[24] GB/T 50165- 2020 Technical standard for maintenance and strengthening of historic timber building[S]. (in Chinese)

[25] 张利朋 . 木材弹塑性损伤本构与传统木结构关键部件非线性分析[D]. 西安: 西安建筑科技大学, 2020.

[26] Zhang Lipeng . Elasto-plastic damage constitutive model of wood and nonlinear analysis of key parts of traditional timber structures[D]. Xi’an: Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, 2020. (in Chinese)

[27] 李欣忆 . 装配式蒸压加气混凝土墙板结构受力性能研究[D]. 北京: 北京建筑大学, 2021.

[28] Li Xinyi . Research on mechanical properties of prefabricated autoclaved aerated concrete panel wall structure[D]. Beijing: Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, 2021. (in Chinese)

[29] 叶龙, 卢骥, 秦士洪, 等 . 蒸压加气混凝土砌体受压性能试验研究[C]// 2012年全国砌体结构领域基本理论与工程应用学术会议, 2012: 217-223.

[30] Ye Long, Lu Ji, Qin Shihong, et al. Research on compressive performance of autoclaved aerated concrete masonry[C]// Proceedings of the 2012 National Academic Conference on Basic Theory and Engineering Application of Masonry Structures, 2012: 217-223. (in Chinese)

[31] 李志龙, 程才渊 . 蒸压加气混凝土楼板抗弯性能试验与有限元理论分析[J]. 结构工程师, 2014, 30(1): 165-170.

[32] Li Zhilong, Cheng Caiyuan . Experimental and finite element analysis for the flexural performance of autoclaved aerated concrete floor slabs[J]. Structural Engineers, 2014, 30(1): 165-170. (in Chinese)

[33] JGJ/T 17- 2008 蒸压加气混凝土建筑应用技术规程[S].

[34] JGJ/T 17- 2008 Technical specification for application of autoclaved aerated concrete[S]. (in Chinese)

[35] 李诫 . 营造法式[M]. 北京: 中国建筑工业出版社, 1983.

[36] Li Jie . Yingzao Fashi[M]. Beijing: China Architecture & Building Press, 1983. (in Chinese)

[37] 谢启芳, 张利朋, 王龙, 等 . 拔榫状态下直榫节点滞回性能有限元分析[J]. 工程力学, 2019, 36(增刊1): 138-143.

[38] Xie Qifang, Zhang Lipeng, Wang Long, et al. Finite element analysis on the cyclic behavior of straight mortise-tenon joints with pullout tenons[J]. Engineering Mechanics, 2019, 36(S1): 138-143. (in Chinese)

[39] 廖奕发 . 新型框架阻尼填充墙简易阻尼层性能试验与参数分析研究[D]. 广州: 广州大学, 2014.

[40] Liao Yifa . Performance experimental study on simple damped layer and parameters analysis of new damped iniflled wall frame[D]. Guangzhou: Guangzhou University, 2014. (in Chinese)

[41] ISO 16670. Timber structures-joints made with mechanical fasteners-quasi-static reversed-cyclic test method[S].

[42] Xie Qifang, Zhang Lipeng, Wang Long, et al. Lateral performance of traditional Chinese timber frames: experiments and analytical model[J]. Engineering Structures, 2019, 186: 446-455.

[43] 梁志城 . 装配式钢框架-减震围护墙结构抗震性能研究[D]. 广州: 广州大学, 2021.

[44] Liang Zhicheng . Study on seismic performance of prefabricated steel frame-damped enclosure wall structure[D]. Guangzhou: Guangzhou University, 2021. (in Chinese)

基金资助

国家自然科学基金项目(52378498)

国家自然科学基金项目(51508117)