逆断层作用下石冈水坝破坏机理试验研究

Experimental study on failure mechanism of Shih-Kang Dam under reverse fault action

摘要

为探究水坝在活动断层作用下的破坏机制，本文以集集地震中发生错断破坏的石冈水坝为研究对象，基于自主研发的断层模拟试验装置，开展了逆断层作用下石冈水坝的物理模型试验。试验中输入经基线校正以及缩放后的永久位移型近断层地震动记录，通过布设的应变片、拉线位移计等监测设备，测定了水坝关键部位的应变与位移响应，分析了坝体震害特征与破坏模式。结果表明：水坝破坏区域主要集中在断层破碎带两侧核心范围内，且位于错动面正上方的坝体部分破坏最为严重，坝体变形量随坝体距错动面距离的增大而减小；断层错动对坝体上下游两侧的影响，存在明显的差异；断层上盘一侧的坝体是裂缝发展的高风险区域，受力状态更为复杂。本文明确了逆断层作用下石冈水坝的破坏模式，可为逆断层作用下混凝土重力坝的抗错断设计、灾损防控及加固优化提供参考。

Abstract

To investigate the failure mechanism of dams under the action of active faults, this study takes the Shih-Kang Dam, which suffered dislocation-induced failure in the Chi-Chi earthquake as the research object, and conducts physical model tests of the Shih-Kang Dam under reverse fault action based on a self-developed fault simulation test device. In the test, permanent displacement-type near-fault ground motion records subjected to baseline correction and amplitude scaling were input. Using pre-arranged monitoring instruments including strain gauges and draw-wire displacement transducers, the strain and displacement responses at critical sections of the dam were measured, and the seismic damage characteristics and failure modes of the dam body were analyzed. The results show that the failure zone of the dam is mainly concentrated in the core area on both sides of the fault fracture zone. The dam section directly above the fault dislocation surface suffers the most severe damage, and the deformation of the dam body decreases with the increase of the distance from the dam to the dislocation surface. There are obvious differences in the influence of fault dislocation on the upstream and downstream sides of the dam body. The dam body on the hanging wall side of the fault is a high-risk area for crack development, and its stress state is more complex. This study clarifies the failure modes of the Shih-Kang Dam under reverse fault dislocation, which can provide theoretical and technical references for the anti-dislocation design, disaster risk mitigation, and reinforcement optimization of concrete gravity dams subjected to reverse fault action.

关键词

逆断层作用 / 断层破碎带 / 石冈水坝 / 模型试验 / 抗错断

Key words

reverse fault action / fault fracture zone / Shih-Kang Dam / model test / anti-dislocation

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基金资助

国家自然科学基金(地震联合)重点项目(U2139207)

湖北省自然基金(创新群体)重点项目(2023AFA030)